Variations in the arterial pattern of the upper limb are very common as observed in many cadaveric and angiographic studies. Knowledge of variations in the origin and course of the radial artery is important because they are used for many diagnostic procedures as well as vascular and reconstructive surgeries like coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass surgery. During routine dissection in our institute, we observed a case of high origin of the radial artery in a 33 year old male cadaver. It was found to be unilateral; on left side, radial artery was taking origin from 3 rd part of the axillary artery at the lower border of pectoralis minor before the origin of subscapular artery and anterior circumflex humeral artery. It had a superficial course in the arm crossing the median nerve from medial to lateral side. The further course of this superficial radial artery in the forearm was normal and it terminated by forming a deep Palmar arch in hand. These variations may be of great clinical implications for vascular and plastic surgeons and radiologists. Superficial course of radial artery makes it vulnerable to accidental injuries.
Worldwide osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder. It results from mechanical and biological events that destabilize the normal processes of degradation and synthesis of articular cartilage chondrocytes, extracellular matrix and subchondral bone. These changes include increased water content, decreased proteoglycan content and altered collagen matrix, leading to the degeneration of articular cartilage. There is trend on rise to use platelet rich plasma to promote healing of the degenerated cartilage. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the newer method i.e platelet rich plasma has any significant advantage. The study included a total of 50 cases with individuals ageing greater than 40 years. Patients without evidence of degenerative arthritis and with KL grade 3 and grade 4 were excluded from the study. At 1 month only 14% cases showed excellent, 68% cases showed and. 18% cases showed fair results. At 3 months follow up 16% cases showed excellent, 82% cases showed good and fair results were seen in 2% cases. No case had poor results. At 6 months follow up 16% cases showed excellent, 86% cases showed good and 6% cases showed fair results and no case had poor results. Platlet rich plasma is an excellent method of treatment in early osteoarthritis of knee.
Femoral shaft fractures are the most common major paediatric injuries managed by the orthopedic surgeon. Non-surgical management usually with early spica cast application is preferred in younger children. In the older child, traction followed by casting, external fixation, flexible IM Nails and plate fixation have specific indications. Potential complications of treatment include shortening, angular or rotational deformity, delayed union, Nonunion, over growth, skin problems and scarring. Risks of surgical management includes re-fractures after external fixator or plate removal, osteonecrosis after rigid IM nails fixation and soft tissue irritation caused by ends of flexible nails.
Background: There was an increased interest in the operative treatment of paediatric fractures in the past two decades, although debate persisted over its indications. There is a little disagreement concerning the treatment of femur fractures in children less than 5 years (POP cast) and adolescents older than 15 years (locked intramedullary nailing). Controversy persists regarding the age between 5 to 15 years. Several treatment options for femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents have been described. Children below the age of 3 can be treated with cast or extensional devices. In the past two decades the management of displaced femoral shaft fractures in older children has gradually evolved toward a more operative approach due to a more rapid recovery, faster reintegration of the patients and possible negative effects of immobilization even in children. Orthopaedic surgeons will continue to face the challenge to treat this age group with less morbidity at a lower cost, as no clear guidelines have been available until now despite efforts done initially by French surgeons, later on by European surgeons and recently by the Paediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA). Conclusion: There was no significant association observed between clinical variables (age, gender, mode of injury, pattern of fracture and time interval between trauma and surgery) and incidence of complications.
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