Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon condition characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the subcutaneous tissues of the body. Calcifications can also occur in a variety of other clinical settings and can be subjected to fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Since cutaneous calcific deposits may clinically mimic a tumor, it is feasible to diagnose them by FNA cytology (FNAC). We reported a case of calcinosis cutis by FNA in a 36-year-old male who presented with a solitary subcutaneous nodule in cubital fossa. Smears showed amorphous granular material consistent with calcium and occasional histiocytes. The diagnosis was confirmed when cytosmears were subjected to a special stain such as the von Kossa stain.

Background:Menorrhagia, by definition, is heavy cyclical blood loss in excess of 80 ml/month of menstrual period lasting longer than 7 days. There are many possible causes of heavy menstrual bleeding which include hormonal imbalance, fibroids, miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, nonhormonal intrauterine device, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and rarely uterine, ovarian, or cervical cancer. Treatment depends on the causes of the menorrhagia. Hysterectomy is one of the several surgical procedures as definitive treatment.Objective:To determine the histopathologic spectrum of lesions associated with menorrhagia in different age groups.Study Design:This prospective descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, People's College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal. During the study period, 100 hysterectomy specimens were taken which were performed for the treatment of menorrhagia. Patients with menorrhagia in the age group of 30-50 years were selected after detailed history and fulfilling the inclusion criteria.Result:In our study, it was observed that maximum number of cases were in the age group of 41-50 years (n = 35) followed by the age group of 31-40 (n = 30). Out of 100 cases, 31% cases (n = 31) showed adenomyosis followed by leiomyomas 25% (n = 25), endometrial hyperplasia 23% (n = 23), and endometrial polyp 4% (n = 4). 11% cases (n = 11) showed dual pathology consisting of both adenomyosis and endometrial hyperplasia and 6% cases (n = 6) of leiomyoma with adenomyosis.Conclusion:Uterine adenomyosis and leiomyoma are the most common benign conditions found in hysterectomy specimens with peak incidence at 31-50 years. Patients having menorrhagia above 40 years should be screened for any endometrial pathology. Histopathology is mandatory for confirming diagnosis and the key to effective therapy and optimal outcome.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a cost effective and minimally invasive diagnostic outdoor procedure for head and neck lesions with high efficacy. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the spectrum of head and neck lesions with FNAC, its efficacy and correlating thefindings with histopathological diagnosis wherever possible. Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational study of 597 patients evaluated with FNAC for head and neck lesions from 2014 January to December 2016. Data were retrievedfrom the stored reports in Department of Pathology and the results were analyzed. Clinical and radiological details were obtained from patients' file wherever deemed necessary from Medical Record Department of the institute. Results: Most common site aspirated were Lymph nodes (64%) followed by Thyroid (18.3%), skin (5.7%) andsoft tissue (4.02%). Most common diagnosis in lymph node FNAC was metastatic lymphadenopathy (37.4%) followed by reactive lymphadenitis (31.9%) and granulomatous lymphadenitis (20.4%). Benign lesions were most common among thyroid swellings (70.1%) followed by papillary carcinoma (12.9%). Majority of salivary gland lesions were benign neoplasm (52.4%). Most common skin and soft tissue lesions were epidermal inclusion cyst (52.9%) and lipoma (66.7%) respectively. Histopathological diagnosis was available in 47.2% of cases with 94.7% concordance. Conclusion: Head and neck lesions are common superficial lesions that can be easily diagnosed oncytology. It differentiates inflammatory/infectionfrom neoplastic lesions and avoids unnecessary surgeries and expedites the management. FNAC is cost effective and accurate diagnostic procedureand can be recommended as a first line investigation.

Background: Pancytopenia is a common and important clinical and haematological problem. It is a striking feature of many serious and life-threatening illnesses, ranging from simple drug-induced bone marrow hypoplasia, megaloblastic anemia to fatal bone marrow aplasias and leukemias. Thus, identification of the correct cause will help in implementing appropriate therapy and determine the better management and prognosis. Objectives: To study the clinical presentations and evaluate the hematological parameters including bone marrow aspiration in pancytopenia associated megaloblastic anemia cases. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study, in which 75 cases of megaloblastic anemia associated with pancytopenia were evaluated clinically, along with hematological parameters and bone marrow aspiration in Department of Pathology, CMCH, Bhopal, over a period of one and half year. Results: Among 150 cases of pancytopenia studied, the commonest cause for pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (50%), followed by hperslenism (18%), and aplastic anemia (11%). Most of the patients presented with generalized weakness and fever. The commonest physical finding was pallor, followed by splenomegaly. Macrocytic normochromic red cells morphology was observed in 44(59%) patients of megaloblastic anaemia, followed by dimorphic blood picture in 20(27%) cases. The commonest marrow finding was hypercellularity with megaloblastic erythropoiesis. Conclusion: The present study concludes that in pancytopenia cases megaloblastic anaemia is a common and important clinical and haematological problem. Detailed primary hematological investigations along with bone marrow aspiration in pancytopenic patients are helpful for understanding of disease process and to diagnose or to rule out other causes of pancytopenia. These are also helpful in planning further investigations and management because many of them are completely curable while others are manageable.