AR coregistration capabilities are adequate when revised by other intraoperative guidance devices. When performed with "freeware" software and conventional digital cameras, it is relatively inexpensive, which makes it a potential tool for surgical planning and noncontinuous intraoperative guidance in neurosurgery. Its largest drawbacks are the inability to function in deep-seated lesions and its lack of tracking devices, which gives it a noncontinuous coregistration nature.
SUMMARY In a group of forty cases of cysticercosis of the central nervous system, 59% presented with intracranial hypertension due to obstructive hydrocephalus. Ventricular or cistemal cysts, and chronic cysticercus meningitis were the most common causes of hydrocephalus. Seizures occurred in 40% of the patients, in one-half of them in association with CT-detected parenchymatous cysts. In 20% of the cases progressive mental deterioration was the main clinical feature, at times associated with hydrocephalus. CT scan provided the highest diagnostic yield, being abnormal in 90% of cases. Long term prognosis was poor, with a mortality rate of 38% over a 40-month follow-up period. The most common cause of death (60%) was meningitis. CSF shunting is the treatment of choice for hydrocephalus, irrespective of its mechanism. Surgical resection is indicated in some cases with a single superficial (cortical) or posterior fossa cyst. Supratentorial cysts carry a relatively benign prognosis.The aetiology of neurocysticercosis, the biological cycle of the parasite, and the pathological lesions it provokes have been well documented.'-'°However, some aspects of the disease, such as its initial clinical manifestations, the yield of various diagnostic methods, and its treatment still remain unclear. In addition, accurate figures on outcome and long-term prognosis are not widely available. We report a group of 40 patients with cysticercosis of the central nervous system, in an attempt to clarify these questions.Forty patients with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis were studied. Aids to diagnosis included complement fixation reaction in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and intradermal reactions. These tests were positive in 32 cases. The diagnosis was verified pathologically in 18 cases, and the cause of death was verified by necropsy in 10 cases. Follow-up covered periods from 7 to 97 months (mean: 40 months) in 32 patients.
Summary: This study evaluates the surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent anterior temporal lobe lobectomy (ATL) based on data derived from noninvasive studies and assesses the economic costs entailed at a newly created epilepsy program in Chile. Seventeen ATL candidates underwent a presurgical evaluation. This included outpatient brain MRI and neuropsychological testing and inpatient scalp/sphenoidal prolonged video-EEG monitoring. There were 10 females and 7 males, with a mean age of 23.8 years and a mean duration of seizure disorder of 12 years. Patients with congruent data localizing the seizure focus to one anterotemporal region underwent ATL. Seven patients underwent a left-side ATL and 10 patients a right-side ATL. The histopathological findings showed a lowgrade tumor in six patients, hippocampal sclerosis in five, neuronal migration disorder in four, and cavernous angiomas in two patients. The mean follow-up period was 29.1 months. Seizure outcome was assessed with Engel's classification: class I, no seizures or only auras; class 11, rare seizures; class 111, >90% seizure reduction; class IV, <90% seizure reduction. Fifteen patients are now in class I, one patient in class 11, and one in class IV. The total cost, including evaluation and surgery, was equivalent to US$ 5,020. Thus, well-selected TLE patients can derive maximal benefit from ATL after a noninvasive presurgical evaluation. This finding is of great significance for the creation of epilepsy surgery programs in developing countries.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.