The Covid-19 pandemic has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Patients with comorbidities– such as those on peritoneal dialysis (PD)– present higher morbidity and mortality than the general population. We prospectively evaluated all Chilean patients on PD (48 centres) and followed those who had Covid-19 from the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in Chile (March 2020) to January 2021 (start of vaccination campaign). We described demographic history, comorbidities, factors related to infection, need for hospitalisation and death due to Covid-19. During the study period, 106 adults on PD were infected by SARS-CoV-2, with a mean age of 53.1 (±16.3) and of which 53.9% were female. From that group, 54.8% required hospitalisation and 24.5% ( n = 26) died due to Covid-19. Most of the patients (63.4%) were infected at home and 22.8% during hospitalisation for other reasons. There was a significant association for Covid-19 mortality with: being ≥60 years old, diabetes, time on PD ≥5 years, need for hospitalisation and hospital-acquired infection. At 90 days of follow-up, all deaths associated to Covid-19 occurred before 40 days. We conclude that patients on PD without Covid-19 vaccination have a high mortality and need for hospitalisation associated to Covid-19. To avoid this negative outcome, it is necessary to intensify strategies to avoid contagion, especially in those ≥60 years old, with diabetes and/or ≥5 years spent on PD.
In this work, the optical and electronic properties of nanomaterials are discussed, its fundamental characteristics and its application in the design of devices and techniques for detection, imaging and therapy, especially in cancer problems, are analyzed. Some recent results obtained in our laboratory where we have been able to measure concentrations of the order of 10 -22 moles of complexes of interest are discussed. We report the detection of residues in blood of medications of the order of 10 -8 and 10 -9 molar (M), which opens the way for drug monitoring with a focus on the implementation of a personalized medicine. We discuss results of therapy techniques with the use of nanomaterials that have allowed us to reduce cell viability below 10%. These results show that nanotechnology is changing the health paradigm to preventive medicine, personalized and available to everyone. RESUMEN:En este trabajo se discuten las propiedades ópticas y electrónicas de nanomateriales, se analizan sus características fundamentales y su aplicación en el diseño de dispositivos y técnicas para la detección, imagen y terapia, especialmente en problemas de cáncer. Se discuten algunos resultados recientes obtenidos en nuestro laboratorio donde hemos podido medir concentraciones del orden de 10 -22 moles de complejos de interés. Reportamos la detección de residuos en sangre de medicamentos del orden de 10 -8 y 10 -9 molar (M), lo que abre el camino para el monitoreo de fármacos con un enfoque a la implementación de una medicina persona-dewww.mundonano.unam.mx | Mundo Nano http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2020.24.69618 | 13(24), 1e-24e, enero-junio 2020 Algunas aplicaciones de la nanofotónica en la biomedicina ◊ Some applications of nanophotonics in biomedicine 2eMundo Nano | artículos de investigación | www.mundonano.unam.mx 13(24), 1e-24e, enero-junio 2020 | http://dx.
This chapter reviews the impact of the global pandemic of Covid-19 on Chilean film festivals and how this affected their relationship with local audiences. Chilean festivals are small events that exist under precarious conditions, facing different economic and cultural challenges that complicate their stability. After the Chilean estallido (a social outburst in 2019), the current health crisis has further affected their position, due to their cancelation and/or postponement, and most of them have temporarily transformed into online events to ensure their survival. We provide an overview on how Covid-19 has affected festivals in Chile as well as their responses to this crisis, which we understand within a particular context that has been pressuring onsite exhibitions and collective viewing. We mapped and tracked the festivals’ activities throughout 2020 and 2021 and used online ethnographic methods to observe some cases more closely, conducting participant observation of online activities and interviewing festival organizers. As such, the chapter addresses some of the new ways in which film festivals developed to engage with their audiences during the pandemic. We conclude with an emphasis on festivals’ responses as adaptive strategies and poses some questions on the future developments of these events.
<div>El presente trabajo hace parte de una investigación semiótica sobre los objetos utilizados en la práctica cultural conocida como “poporeo”, o consumo ritual de la hoja de coca, en la comunidad indígena Ika que habita actualmente la vertiente meridional de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia). El propósito del estudio es conocer las operaciones de construcción de sentido que se generan en la práctica ritual de este, específicamente alrededor del poporo tejido en la mochila ika.</div>
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