An HIV incidence estimation was performed among men who have sex with men (MSM), drug users (DUs), sex workers (SWs), and pregnant women (PW) from Argentina. Volunteers older than 18 years old without a previous HIV-positive diagnosis were included. HIV-positive samples were analyzed by the Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) to estimate incidence. By partial RT-PCR and sequencing of the HIV pol gene, an HIV subtype and resistance profile were determined. A total of 12,192 volunteers were recruited from October 2006 to September 2008. A higher HIV prevalence was detected among trans SWs (33.9%, 38/112), male SWs (10.8%, 12/111), and MSM 10.4% (161/1549). HIV incidence estimates by STARHS was also higher on trans SWs (11.31 per 100 person-years), male SWs (6.06 per 100 person-years), and MSM (6.36 per 100 person-years). Antiretroviral primary resistant mutations were detected in 8.4% of the study group, with a higher frequency in female DUs (33.3%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that 124 (57.9%) samples were subtype B, 84 (39.3%) intersubtype BF recombinants, 5 (2.3%) subtype C, and 1 (0.5%) subtype F in the pol region. Subtype B was most commonly found in MSM and male SWs whereas the intersubtype BF recombinant was more prevalent in female DUs, female SWs, and PW. Given the high HIV prevalence and incidence found in most of these groups, monitoring the continuing spread of the HIV epidemic is essential for determining public health priorities, assessing the impact of interventions, and estimating current and future health care needs.
This paper develops the methodological principles of pooled analysis design, using it to study situations of vulnerability among drug users at a regional level. Data from thirteen cross-sectional studies carried out in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay between 1998 and 2004 were integrated. A critical review of the concept of data matrix which identifies four structural components, allowed us to: define the units of analysis spanning the different original populations; identify a core of common variables (social and demographic characteristics, drug use, sexual practices, serology of blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases) with their respective values; examine the indicators, dimensions and procedures used to measure the variables; and establish their compatibility with a thematic and comparative analysis of data collection tools. The main result was a new data matrix with 3,534 cases. Multidisciplinary collaboration between teams and institutions from the three countries made it possible to maximize the available sources in order to analyze characteristics of the local contexts and of the overall regional.
Este artículo desarrolla los fundamentos metodológicos del diseño de análisis integrado a partir de su empleo para el estudio de situaciones de vulnerabilidad entre usuarios de drogas a nivel regional. Se integraron datos de trece estudios transversales realizados en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay entre 1998 y 2004. Una revisión crítica del concepto de matriz de datos, que distingue cuatro componentes estructurales, permitió: definir las unidades de análisis abarcando las distintas poblaciones originales; identificar un núcleo común de variables (características sociodemográficas, uso de drogas, prácticas sexuales, serologías de infecciones de transmisión sexual y sanguínea) con sus respectivos valores; examinar los indicadores, las dimensiones y procedimientos empleados para la medición de las variables; y establecer su compatibilidad mediante un análisis comparativo y temático de los instrumentos. Se obtuvo una nueva matriz de 3.534 casos. La colaboración multidisciplinaria entre equipos e instituciones de los tres países hizo posible maximizar las fuentes disponibles para el análisis de características locales y de la región en su conjunto.
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