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Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been shown to be more effective than corticosteroids in achieving mucosal healing in children with Crohn´s disease (CD) without the adverse effects of these drugs. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of EEN in terms of inducing clinical remission in children newly diagnosed with CD, to describe the predictive factors of response to EEN and the need for treatment with biological agents during the first 12 months of the disease. We conducted an observational retrospective multicentre study that included paediatric patients newly diagnosed with CD between 2014–2016 who underwent EEN. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (140 males) from 35 paediatric centres were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 11.6 ± 2.5 years. The median EEN duration was 8 weeks (IQR 6.6–8.5), and 184 of the patients (83%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn’s Disease activity index [wPCDAI] < 12.5). Faecal calprotectin (FC) levels (μg/g) decreased significantly after EEN (830 [IQR 500–1800] to 256 [IQR 120–585] p < 0.0001). Patients with wPCDAI ≤ 57.5, FC < 500 μg/g, CRP >15 mg/L and ileal involvement tended to respond better to EEN. EEN administered for 6–8 weeks is effective for inducing clinical remission. Due to the high response rate in our series, EEN should be used as the first-line therapy in luminal paediatric Crohn’s disease regardless of the location of disease and disease activity.

Background and Aims: Diagnostic delay (DD) is especially relevant in children with inflammatory bowel disease, leading to potential complications. We examined the intervals and factors for DD in the pediatric population of Spain. Methods: We conducted a multicentric prospective study, including 149 pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients, obtaining clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data. Time to diagnosis (TD) was divided into several intervals to identify those where the Jiménez Treviño et al. Pediatric IBD Diagnostic Delay in Spain DD was longer and find the variables that prolonged those intervals. Missed opportunities for diagnosis (MODs) were also identified. Results: Overall TD was 4.4 months (interquartile range [IQR] 2.6-10.4), being significantly higher in Crohn's disease (CD) than in ulcerative colitis (UC) (6.3 [IQR 3.3-12.3] vs. 3 [IQR 1.6-5.6] months, p = 0.0001). Time from the visit to the first physician until referral to a pediatric gastroenterologist was the main contributor to TD (2.4 months [IQR 1.03-7.17] in CD vs. 0.83 months [IQR 0.30-2.50] in UC, p = 0.0001). One hundred and ten patients (78.3%) visited more than one physician (29.9% to 4 or more), and 16.3% visited the same physician more than six times before being assessed by the pediatric gastroenterologist. The number of MODs was significantly higher in CD than that in UC patients: 4 MODs (IQR 2-7) vs. 2 MODs ([IQR 1-5], p = 0.003). Referral by pediatricians from hospital care allowed earlier IBD diagnosis (odds ratio 3.2 [95% confidence interval 1.1-8.9], p = 0.025). Conclusions: TD and DD were significantly higher in CD than those in UC. IBD patients (especially those with CD) undergo a large number of medical visits until the final diagnosis.

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El dolor de pared abdominal, y concretamente el síndrome de ACNES (Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome), forma parte del diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal crónico. Este síndrome es poco conocido y por consiguiente infradiagnosticado. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y evolutivas de pacientes diagnosticados de ACNES y llamar la atención sobre esta patología. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en un centro de referencia, entre octubre 2016 y julio de 2021, en pacientes menores 17 años, diagnosticados de ACNES, que cumpliesen al menos dos de cuatro hallazgos siguientes: signo de Carnett, Pinch test, disestesias en el punto de máximo dolor, mejoría tras infiltración de anestésico local, habiéndose descartado patología abdominal visceral o funcional. Se recogieron variables epidemiológicas, síntomas, exploración física, pruebas complementarias, tratamiento y evolución. Se usaron estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: 20 pacientes diagnosticados de ACNES, 75% mujeres, mediana de edad 12,85 años. Se objetivó signo de Carnett en 95%, signo de Pinch test en 65% y disestesias en 90% de los pacientes. 65% refirió síntomas pseudoviscerales. 7 pacientes presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. La localización más frecuente (50%) fue la fosa ilíaca derecha, a nivel T10-T11. Un paciente refirió mejoría espontánea; 7 mejoraron con analgesia oral; 9 fueron derivados a la Unidad del Dolor, de los cuales acudieron 5, los que mejoraron con infiltración anestésica con bupivacaína-triamcinolona; los 4 restantes perdieron seguimiento. Conclusión: El ACNES debe ser considerado en pacientes con dolor abdominal crónico. La combinación de hallazgos típicos en la historia y el examen físico permiten su diagnóstico, evitando pruebas complementarias innecesarias. El tratamiento debe ser escalonado, comenzando por analgesia oral, seguido de infiltración anestésica y, por último, neurectomía anterior.