Optical coherent domain reflectometry (OCDR) can achieve a high spatial resolution that is independent of the bandwidth of the receiver, but the measurement range is usually very limited. Here we propose an external modulation OCDR system, in which a pair of linear frequency-modulated pulses generated by one modulator are employed as the probe pulse and the reference, respectively. The spatial resolution is determined by the frequency modulation range of the pulse, and the measurement speed is boosted by orders because the proposed technology can simultaneously diagnose a section of fiber with each pair of pulses, while only a single point can be accessed at a time in typical OCDR. In the demonstrational experiment, a measurement range of up to 50 km is achieved with a spatial resolution of 1.4 m and a measuring time of less than 30 s.
The Bloch-like equations for the intracavity interaction of coherent light with semiconductors below the Mott density are derived. These equations include the many-body Coulomb effects. Steady state analysis reveals the characteristics of bistability and hysteresis in such systems. I t is shown that the hysteresis loops increase and that the bistability can be realized more easily due t o the many-body effects.
The teleportation of an unknown quantum state from one observer to another is of great importance in quantum information. In the standard teleportation scheme, a maximally entangled state is demanded. However, it is difficult to prepare such states in practice, and real entangled states are always partly entangled. We present a scheme to teleport an unknown quantum state using two partly entangled states. We show that the teleportation can be realized with a certain probability.
The scaled potentials were used to discuss the vibrational quantum defects of alkali-halide molecules by using the fully quantal Milne equation method and the quasiclassical Wentzell-Kramers-Brillouin approzimation. This allowed us to obtain a universal function and its limit value for the charge-transfer state8 of different alkali-halide molecules.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.