Bioorthogonal decaging reactions are highly selective transformations which involve the cleavage of a protecting group from a molecule of interest. Decaging reactions can be classified into subgroups depending on the nature of the trigger; they can be photo-, metal- or small molecule-triggered.
Due to their highly selective and biocompatible nature, they can be carried out in living systems as they do not interfere with any endogenous processes. This gain-of-function allows controlled activation of proteins and release of fluorophores and drugs in vivo. Although there are
many examples of fluorophore/protein release, this review focuses on the application of bioorthogonal decaging reactions for targeted drug activation. One strategy for targeted drug delivery is tissue-selective activation of prodrugs and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). Bioorthogonal
decaging provides a highly selective, controllable method for activating prodrugs and ADCs, reducing toxicity due to the off-target drug release that occurs in endogenous activation strategies. Here we focus on the development of bifunctional linkers that enable studies of bioorthogonal chemistry
for activation of ADCs.
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