Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are becoming increasingly common in various diseases. This study aims to investigate mutations in the cytochrome‐b (CYB) and adenosine triphosphatase‐6 (ATPase‐6) genes of mtDNA in COVID‐19 patients. The association between mtDNA mutations and clinical outcomes is investigated here. In the present study, mutations of the mtDNA genes CYB and ATPase‐6 were investigated in COVID‐19 (+) ( n = 65) and COVID‐19 (−) patients ( n = 65). First, we isolated DNA from the blood samples. After the PCR analyses, the mutations were defined using Sanger DNA sequencing. The age, creatinine, ferritin, and CRP levels of the COVID 19 (+) patients were higher than those of the COVID‐19 (−) patients ( p = 0.0036, p = 0.0383, p = 0.0305, p < 0.0001, respectively). We also found 16 different mutations in the CYB gene and 14 different mutations in the ATPase‐6 gene. The incidences of CYB gene mutations A15326G, T15454C, and C15452A were higher in COVID‐19 (+) patients than COVID‐19 (−) patients; p < 0.0001: OR (95% CI): 4.966 (2.215−10.89), p = 0.0226, and p = 0.0226, respectively. In contrast, the incidences of A8860G and G9055A ATPase‐6 gene mutations were higher in COVID‐19 (+) patients than COVID‐19 (−) patients; p < 0.0001: OR (95%CI): 5.333 (2.359−12.16) and p = 0.0121 respectively. Yet, no significant relationship was found between mtDNA mutations and patients' age and biochemical parameters ( p > 0.05). The results showed that the frequency of mtDNA mutations in COVID‐19 patients is quite high and it is important to investigate the association of these mutations with other genetic mechanisms in larger patient populations.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to see oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG), its relationship with inflammatory mediators (IL6 and TNFA), and its reflections on laboratory findings in patients who had COVID-19 infection at different intensities. Materials and Methods: Serum interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were measured using kits based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle. Results: In COVID-19 positive patients treated in intensive care 8-OHdG marker level is at the highest level and statistically significant. In patients receiving inpatient treatment in the hospitalized, the 8-OHdG marker level is higher than the control and outpatient groups. IL6 values were at the highest level in the patient group treated in the intensive care unit and were higher than the outpatient and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the control and patient groups in terms of TNFA values. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was lower in the control group than in all patient groups. C-reactive protein (CRP) is higher in hospitalized patients than in the control group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was found to be statistically significantly higher in hospitalized patients than outpatients. Conclusion: As the severity of COVID-19 increases, serum 8-OHdG and IL6 levels also increase. These parameters can guide the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients in the early stages of the disease course.

Obez Hastalarda Vitamin B12 ve Vitamin D’ nin IL-4, IL-10, TNF-Beta ile İlişkisi Öz Amaç: Obez hastalarda vitamin B12 ve vitamin D nin IL-10, IL-4, TNF-Beta ile ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Serum IL-10, IL-4 ve TNF-Beta seviyeleri ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) prensibine dayalı kitler kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: IL-10 düzeyi, vitamin D düşük olan grupta anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulunmuştur (p= 0.039). Vitamin B12 normal, vitamin B12 düşük ve kontrol grupları karşılaştırıldığında IL-10 açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel düzeyde fark bulunmuştur (p=0.002). Post hoc analizi sonucunda IL-10 düzeyi, vitamin B12 düşük grubunda vitamin B12 normal grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha düşük olarak tespit edilmiştir (0.04). Aynı zamanda vitamin B12 normal grupta (obezite pozitif) kontrol grubuna (non-obez vit B12 normal) göre daha yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir (p=0.001). IL-10 ile vitamin B12 ve Vitamin D arasında korelasyon bakıldığında vitamin B12 ile IL-10 arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu (r=0.203 p= 0.058). Sonuç: Obez hastalarda vitamin D ve vitamin B12 düşük seviyelerinin IL-10 düzeyinde düşüklüğe neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca obezitenin de IL-10 seviyesinde artışa neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. IL-4 ve TNF-Beta ile vitamin D ve vitamin B12 arasında ilişki bulunamamıştır. Obez hastalarda vitamin B12 ve vitamin D nin IL-4, IL-10, TNF-Beta düzeylerine etkilerini daha iyi görebilmek için daha uzun süreli takip ve daha geniş vaka popülasyonlarında çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: IL-4, IL-10 Obezite, TNF-Beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D