This study was conducted to assess the effects of various stunning methods on meat quality traits of Salmo trutta fario. A total of seventy five fish (1 year old, female/male) were exposed to one of the five stunning procedure: iced water, electrical shock, carbondioxide (CO 2) saturated water, percussive stunning and asphyxia. Highest initial fillet pH was measured in CO 2 group's meat on the first day of the trial and the lowest initial pH was belonged to asphyxia, but the difference among groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Significant relation was determined between pH and storage period of the fillets (p<0.01). No significant relation was obtained between killing methods and L* value of the meat. Killing method and storage period did not affect the water holding capacity and pH of the fillets. However; carbondioxide was thought to be the best method for better total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) values; for better thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) of the meat, iced water method should be preferred.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sucul canlılar için sodyum dodesil sülfatın (SDS) toksisitesini belirlemektir. Kahverengi alabalıklarda (Salmo trutta fario) SDS'nin etkileri hematolojik indekslerle araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla balıklar 21 gün süreyle kontrol (0 mg/lt), düşük doz (1,5 mg/lt) ve yüksek doz (2,25 mg/lt) SDS'ye maruz bırakılmıştır. Uygulama süresi sonunda kontrol ve deneme gruplarında hematolojik indeksler [eritrosit sayısı (RBC), lökosit sayısı (WBC), hemoglobin değeri (Hb), hematokrit oranı (Hct), trombosit sayısı (PLT), eritrosit çökme oranı (ESR), eritrosit başına düşen hemoglobin sayısı (MCHC), eritrosit miktarı hemoglobin (MCH) ve ortalama eritrosit hacmi (MCV)] araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, yüksek dozda SDS konsantrasyonuna maruz bırakılan grubun RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, ESR, MCV, MCH ve MCHC indeks değerlerinin düşük doz ve kontrol gruplarına göre önemli derecede arttığını (p<0,05) göstermiştir. Düşük konsantrasyona maruz bırakılan grupta ise, Htc değeri diğer uygulama gruplarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05).
New strategies for fast, efficient and environmentally friendly approaches in nanoparticle (NP) synthesis have increased the interest in less toxic green synthesis products. In this study, VA-Pd / AC nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using palladium (Pd), activated carbon (AC) and Viscum album (VA) aqueous extract as stabilizer / reductant. Activated carbon in the synthesis stage was obtained using the Chenopodium album (CA) plant. The structural and morphological properties of VA-Pd / AC NPs were examined using TEM and XRD analyses. Zebrafish embryo and larvae were exposed to the produced VA-Pd / AC NPs at different concentrations (10, 50, 100 and 500 mg/L) for 96 h. Embryos/larvae were examined for survival rate, hatching and malformation during development. Morever, potential neurotoxic effects were assessed histopathologically and immunohistochemically using Caspase 3 and nNOS indicators. Although the hatching rate of VA-Pd / AC NP was 100% at all concentrations, the survival rate decreased in a dose dependent manner. Histopathological analyses revealed that 10 mg/L group looked similar to the control group, whereas necrotic degenerations were observed in the 50, 100 and 500 mg/L groups in a dose- dependent manner. In addition, Caspase 3 and nNOS expressions were evaluated as negative in the control and 10 mg/L groups in immunofluorescence staining. These results provide the evidence that 500 mg/L concentration of green synthesized VA-Pd/AC NPs from Viscum album (VA) and Chenopodium album (CA) plant induces neurotoxic and tetragenonic effect on zebrafish.
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