Estimates of heterosis for F1 hybrids over mid and better parent were computed for traits that showed significant differences between genotypes on analysis of variance. Heterosis for yield components and yield was studied using 8x8 half diallel cross in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The heterosis for yield was generally accompanied by heterosis for yield components. Heterosis for marketable fruit yield per plant ranged from (-63.4%) (P3xP8) to (33.8%) (P6xP8) and (-62.5%) (P3xP8) to (52.6%) (P5xP7), for mid parent and better parent respectively. Significant heterosis over better and mid-parent was observed for all the traits. Best parent and Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) was highest and in desirable direction for number of marketable fruit per plant (29.3%; 29.2%) in crosses ( P3xP6 for both ) and pericarp thickness (46.3%; 57.6%) in crosses (P2xP6 and P4xP8), number of fruit cluster per plant (32.8%; 35.9%) in cross (P3xP6 for both), individual fruit weight (36.1%; 41.2%) in cross (P2xP8, P3xP5) and fruit diameter (28.4%; 28.3%) in cross (P3xP5; P2xP6), fruit length (23.07%; 20.4%) in cross (P2xP6 for both). Out of 28 F1 crosses, positive and desirable heterosis by 10 crosses over better parent and 17 crosses over mid-parent were observed for total fruit density in tomato. An important heterosis both in heterobeltiosis and mid-parent was recorded in marketable fruit yield in ton per hectare. From all the crosses, seven crosses revealed positive from which three crosses are the most important P2xP7 (31%), P3xP5 (20%) and P3xP6 (54%) in better parent heterosis. Similarly for mid-parent heterosis, only ten crosses out of 28 reveled positive while the rest 18 crosses showed the undesirable direction for marketable fruit yield indicating majority of the hybrids exhibited unfavorable heterotic response and only a few hybrids could be considered for selection.
A study was conducted in a 8 × 8 half diallel cross set of tomato excluding reciprocals to estimate the general combining ability and specific combining ability for marketable fruit yield per plant (kg) and yield components, namely number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight (g) fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm) and fruit thickness (cm) including some quality traits as TSS, pH and pericarp thickness. The experiment was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 at Wollega University Experiment Field, Shambu and Hareto sites. Simple lattice design was used for field trial. Data from Fl generation and parents were analyzed using the Griffing Method II of Model I. Significant differences among genotypes were obtained for all the traits except for number of primary branches per plant. The effects of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant indicating the presence of additive as well as non-additive gene effects except for fruit length and fruit diameter. The genotype P8 is selected a parent with the best general combining ability for marketable fruit yield per plant, individual fruit weight, fruit density, and fruit thickness. The tomato genotype P5×P7 followed by P3×P6 and P3×P7 were proved to be the best specific combiner for marketable fruit yield and number of fruits per plant.
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