PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between neo‐colonialist discourse and Quebec's proposed Bill 94 aimed at restricting the public activities of niqab and veil‐wearing Muslim women.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon postcolonial feminist frames, this study critically analyzes the discourses of Muslim women and Western elites that serve to construct the niqab and veil‐wearing Muslim women. Using critical discourse analysis of digital and print media articles from 1994 to 2010, the authors trace the discursive character of the Muslim woman related to Bill 94 which proposes the banning of religious face coverings when seeking public services in the Province of Quebec, Canada.FindingsThis paper develops a postcolonial understanding of the discursive conditions that constitute the social environment in which Muslim women are required to operate in Quebec and the advent of Bill 94. The authors contend that the discourses in the construction of Muslim women have mutated over time towards Western cultural hegemony and paternalism, and, in the process, Muslim women have been constructed as oppressed, in need of saving, and at the same time not to be trusted.Research limitations/implicationsThe account of events in this paper offer an alternative lens in privileging some of the embedded beliefs and values behind dominant cultural accounts of Quebec in relation to Muslim women and Bill 94. Future scholars may wish to extend this study through examining discourses of secular, veil and niqab‐wearing Muslim women; newcomers, those living in Canada for a longer period and those born in Canada; as well as those from different countries of origin. Another area of research that is ripe for exploration is workplace experiences of Muslim women in Canada. Additionally, examination of overt and subtle discrimination faced by Muslim women would provide important insights into employment equity and human rights.Originality/valueThis paper presents a close look at public discourses around the niqab and Muslim women in Canada, demonstrating the persistence of colonial dynamics and mindsets influencing how issues regarding minority groups are evaluated today.

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Drawing upon postcolonial and postcolonial feminist lenses, this study critically analyzes the discourses, evident in the popular press, that serve to construct identities associated with veil-wearing Muslim women. Through print and digital media articles from January 2009 to December 2011, we trace the discursive character of the veil-wearing Muslim woman through conversations before, during, and after Bill 94 was tabled by the Quebec government. Concerned not only with the Western construction of the “other,” we attempted to provide the space necessary to hear Muslim women. Considerable focus was placed on teasing out interviews with Muslim women or responses by Muslim women. Findings suggest that several contradictions exist in terms of Western constructions and how Muslim women in Canada construct their own identities. At the center of these contradictions lies the symbolism of the veil, representing oppression and submission to some and empowerment and resistance to others.

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