T his article briefly describes the major pharmacologic and psychological treatment modalities for problem gambling and establishes their relative efficacy. We emphasize controlled research for gambling treatment, consistent with the American Psychological Association recommendations regarding empirically validated treatments (EVT; 1,2). These criteria define the conditions that should be met when deciding whether a treatment has been empirically validated. They require that interventions be tested in randomized clinical trials and shown efficacious in at least 2 studies by 2 independent research teams. We refer readers to Walker (3), Lopez-Viets and Miller (4), and Blaszczynski and Silove (5) for excellent reviews of the gambling-treatment literature in
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