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For generating a texture or pattern on a work surface, one of the emerging processes is laser surface texturing (LST). It is an effective method for producing texture on a work surface. Literature shows that various lasers have been applied to generate textures on the surface of work materials. Recently, LST has shown tremendous potential in the field of biomedical applications. Applying the LST process, the efficacy of the biomaterial has been drastically improved. This paper presents an in-depth review of laser surface texturing for biomedical applications. The effect of LST on important biomaterial has been thoroughly studied; it was found that LST has extreme potential for surface modification of biomaterial and can be utilized for biomedical applications.

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Purpose: The objective of this research work was to prepare and evaluate the effect of Eudragit RS PO and Eudragit RL PO polymers on the physical property and release characteristics of carbamazepine matrix tablets. Methods: Matrix tablets containing carbamazepine were prepared with Eudragit ® RS PO alone as the rate-retarding polymer (coded batch series 'A') and also with a combination of Eudragit ® RS PO and RL PO (coded batch series 'B'). The tablets were characterized for hardness as well as for carbamazepine release. The release data were subjected to different models in order to evaluate their release kinetics and mechanisms. Results: The hardness of batch series 'A' matrix tablet was >160 kg/cm 2 while for batch series 'B', it was >170 kg/cm 2. Carbamazepine tablets containing only Eudragit RS PO showed very slow release (less than 6% in 8 h) but when Eudragit RL PO was blended with Eudragit RS PO, the release rate improved significantly to 44% in 24 h (p < 0.05). Drug release mechanism was a complex mixture of diffusion and erosion. Conclusion: Carbamazepine matrix tablets of satisfactory hardness were produced. Furthermore, by blending Eudragit RS PO with Eudragit RL PO in the matrix, tablets of varying release characteristics can be prepared.

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The present study was designed to investigate the effect of two plasticizers, i.e., triethyl citrate (TEC) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) on the in vitro release kinetics of diclofenac sodium from sustained-release pellets. Ammonio methacrylate copolymer type B (Eudragit RS 30 D) is used as the release-retarding polymer. Both plasticizers were used at 10% and 15% (w/w) of Eudragit RS 30 D. Pellets were prepared by powder layering technology and coated with Eudragit RS 30 D by air suspension technique. Thermal properties of drug and drug-loaded beads were studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). DSC thermogram represented the identity of raw materials and exhibited no interaction or complexation between the active and excipients used in the pelletization process. Dissolution study was performed by using USP apparatus 1. No significant difference was observed among the physical properties of the coated pellets of different batches. When dissolution was performed as pure drug, about 8.22% and 90% drug was dissolved at 2 h in 0.1 N HCl and at 30 min in buffer (pH 6.8), respectively. From all formulations, the release of drug in acid media was very negligible (maximum 1.8 +/- 0.08% at 2 h) but in buffer only 12% and 30% drug was released at 10 h from coated pellets containing TEC and PEG 6000, respectively, indicating that Eudragit RS 30 D significantly retards the drug release rate and that drug release was varied according to the type and amount of plasticizers used. The amount of TEC in coating formulation significantly effected drug release (p < 0.001), but the effect of PEG 6000 was not significant. Formulations containing PEG 6000 released more drug (98.35 +/- 2.35%) than TEC (68.01 +/- 1.04%) after 24 h. Different kinetic models like zero order, first order, and Higuchi were used for fitting drug release pattern. Zero order model fitted best for diclofenac release in all formulations. Drug release mechanism was derived with Korsmeyer equation.

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