New broomrape races have spread quickly year after year to reach 70% of the sunflower acreage in Trakya region of Turkey. These new races were more virulent in Turkey than in other countries such as Spain and at least one more race other than F race was observed in Trakya. Some inbred lines from Trakya Agricultural Research Institute-Edirne (TARI) exhibited resistance in some parts of the region, but the sunflower hybrid PR-64-A-95 exhibited resistance in all locations. This hybrid and other resistant lines will be evaluated again in subsequent years and they will be used as a differential set for determining new broomrape races.
New broomrape races threaten sunflower production in Turkey. Pioneer hybrid P-4223 was resistant in all parts but TARSAN-1018 and some inbred lines were resistant only in some areas in Trakya region. At least one or more new races than F race appear to exist in the region. Use of imidazolinone herbicide and resistant hybrid started in 2003. Farmers used this Clearfield System ® without any problem. This system will be preferred in coming years by farmers in areas problematic for broomrape and weeds, for use together with sunflower cultivars genetically resistant to broomrape.
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) suffers from terminal drought accompanying with high temperature stress since it grows mainly in rain fed areas. Therefore, plant breeders try to improve more drought tolerant varieties and to screen their genetic materials for drought resistance. The present study was conducted to determine drought tolerance levels of sunflower male inbred lines developed by Trakya Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Edirne, Turkey. Inbred lines grown under controlled environmental conditions were sorted by polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. Drought stress applications were performed at three sunflower growth stages as R-3 (vegetative), R5-1 (head formation) and R-6 (milky seed).
Based on applied different JIP-Test (analysis of O-J-I-P fluorescence transient) parameters such as Drought Factor index (-DFI)and Damage index (-DI), 70352 R, 8129 R, 0536 R and 9947 R restorer lines were found more drought tolerant than those of the other examined sunflower inbred lines, whereas TT 317 R and TT 199 R were determined as more drought sensitive than others. The drought tolerant inbred lines will be helpful to improve drought resistance in sunflower breeding programs.
Broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loeffl.) is the most serious problem in sunflower production in Turkey, some East European countries and Spain. A research covering broomrape tests of sunflower hybrids in the trials based on National Sunflower Research Project was conducted in Trakya region, which holds 75% of the sunflower production in Turkey, in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Based on this project, in conditions of natural infestation, 306, 443 and 533 commercial and candidate hybrids, inbred lines, etc. were tested in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Of the tested materials, 12 in 2006, 56 in 2007 and 140 in 2008 were found to be resistant. During winter, broomrape tests continued in growth chambers and in pots, under conditions of artificial infestation. Broomrape seeds were collected from a naturally infested area in Trakya region and used to determine the reaction of developed hybrids and lines to the collected races. In this part of the study, 1752, 816 and 1389 genetic material were tested in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The tests showed that 332, 94, and 404 materials in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, were resistant to the new races of broomrape used in the study.
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