Making real world connections in mathematics curricula and in teaching mathematics is generally viewed favorably within the educational community, however, little empirical research has examined how and why to use real world connections in mathematics education based on the views of experts. This study describes the feasibility of the use of real world connections according to high school mathematics teachers and academicians of mathematics education. Opinions of high school mathematics teachers (n=16) and academicians (n=8) about advantages, disadvantages, and examples of real world connections are elicited and reported. Teachers and academicians report several advantages of the use of real world connections in teaching mathematics as well as its disadvantages and limitations. Suggestions about dealing with limiting factors for using real world connections are also reported.
Asteroid hyalosis may be found together with systemic diseases and such patients must be evaluated systematically for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Asteroid hyalosis can also cause artefactual lowering of axial length measurement, leading to significant error in calculations of intraocular lens power. This must be kept in mind before cataract surgery.
disease. The secretory activity includes interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, angiotensin II, plasminogen activator, omentin, and nerve growth factor [6, 7]. Moreover, EF tissue also secretes anti-inflammatory and antiaterogenic adipokins such as adiponectin and adrenomedullin [8]. To our knowledge, echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (EFT) measurement in adults was first attempted by Iacobellis et al. [9, 10] and was reported to vary between 1-23 mm [10]. Becaue EFT measurement seems to be unaffected by variations in skin and muscular tissue layers, it may show lipoidosis much more accurate than waist measurement [11]. Previous data from adult subjects indicate that EFT measured during echocardiography is in close relation with abdominal fat
Objective We aimed to investigate the value of maternal serum delta neutrophil index (DNI) levels in predicting placenta accreta spectrum in patients with placenta previa. Methods The patients who were found to have placenta previa totalis were included in our study. Location of placental implantation and depth of myometrial invasion were defined by transabdominal and transvaginal 2D gray scale and Doppler sonography and confirmed during cesarean section and histopathological evaluation. Patients were subjected to complete blood counts, including prenatal hemoglobin level, total white blood cell count, differential leukocyte count, and platelet count. The following formula was used to calculate the DNI level: DNI (%)=(leukocyte subfraction analyzed by cytochemical reaction in the MPO channel) - (leukocyte subfraction analyzed using the nuclear lobularity channel with reflected light beam measurements). Results Placenta previa was detected in 295 patients; 31 of them had PAS. As the control group, 189 patients were evaluated. In the group with PAS, the DNI value was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the other groups. DNI value in the group with previa only was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control group. In the univariate model, a significant (p<0.05) effect of DNI value and number of cesarean sections was observed in separating patients with previa only and PAS. In the multivariate model, a significant independent (p>0.05) effect of the DNI value was observed in separating patients with previa only and PAS. Significant efficiency of DNI value [area under the curve 0.899 (0.814–0.984)] was observed in differentiating patients with previa only and PAS. Significant efficacy of DNI 5 cut-off value [area under the curve 0.858 (0.770–0.946)] was observed in distinguishing patients with previa only and PAS (sensitivity 80.0%, positive predictive value 64.9%, specificity 91.6%, negative predictive value 95.9%) Conclusion Maternal DNI values seem to be beneficial with respect to both previa and invasion prediction. Although more comprehensive studies are needed to test this proposition, prediction studies of this practical test should be done in different trimesters and its usability with respect to preventing maternal-fetal morbidity should be investigated.
The post-LA space index during 20-24 weeks of gestation is a simple and reliable marker that is not affected by GA. However, its potential as a screening tool for TAPVC warrants further clinical investigation.
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