Premature ejaculation (PE) is defined as the occurrence of ejaculation one minute or less after vaginal penetration. 1 Prevalence of PE in men is high and this sexual dysfunction affects 20%-30% of men. Although the aetiology of PE is not yet known clearly, many causes such as age and ethnicity have been blamed in its aetiology. 2 PE can negatively affect a person's psychological and emotional health by causing sexual avoidance and lack of self-confidence.Ejaculation is a spinal reflex under cerebral control, and this requires synergistic activation of somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The sympathetic and parasympathetic activities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate the peripheral events that initiate ejaculation. 3 The sympathetic effect is thought to be more dominant during ejaculation and provides contractile control of seminal tract smooth muscle. 4 Previous studies have shown that sympathetic innervation plays a key role in stimulating the contraction of the sex glands. 5 Although the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in ejaculation is unclear, it is thought to be effective in

SUMMARYWarfarin is commonly used for prevention of embolic events. Bleeding is the main side effect of warfarin. Lingual and sublingual haematoma are rare. In the literature, nine cases have so far been reported. We report the case of a 70-year-old Caucasian woman who developed spontaneous lingual and sublingual haematomas while on warfarin therapy. Spontaneous lingual and sublingual haematoma are rare, but can be potentially life-threatening complications as they cause airway obstruction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of earliest haematoma after warfarin use. BACKGROUND

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The aim of the present study was to investigate whether YKL-40 levels and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness were associated with non-dipping pattern in essential hypertension (HT). Age- and sex-matched 40 dipper hypertensive patients and 40 non-dipper hypertensive patients were included in the study. Non-dippers had significantly increased EAT thickness and higher YKL-40 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels than dippers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the EAT thickness and serum levels of YKL-40 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were independent predictors of non-dipping pattern in essential HT. In essential HT, presence of non-dipping pattern is associated with increased inflammatory response.