Education is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and is also a vital factor for nearly all the other SDGs. Therefore, factors underlying educational attainment are crucial for achieving the SDGs by 2030. In this context, the financial system has become critical in building various schools and covering educational expenditures such as teachers’ salaries, teaching materials, and training. This paper uses static and dynamic regression methods to study the impact of financial sector development, remittances, real GDP per capita, information and communications technologies (ICT) development, and globalization on educational attainment in 18 emerging economies over the 2000–2020 period. The results indicate that financial development, remittances, real GDP per capita, ICT development, and globalization positively impact educational attainment. Real GDP per capita, ICT development, globalization, and financial development have the highest impact of these factors. In contrast, remittances have a limited positive influence on educational attainment compared with other variables.
The worldwide serious deteriorations in environmental and social quality have led many countries to follow institutional, social, and economic policies eliminating the negative environmental and social costs of economic growth and development, urbanization, and population growth. This study investigates the influence of financial sector development and educational attainment on economic sustainability in a sample of BRICS economies over the 1995–2020 term through causality and cointegration tests. The results of the causality test find a bidirectional causal interplay between financial development and economic sustainability and a unilateral causal effect from educational attainment on economic sustainability. Furthermore, cointegration analysis unveils a long-term positive influence of financial development and educational attainment on economic sustainability, but the effect of educational attainment on economic sustainability is ascertained to be slightly higher when compared with that of financial sector development. As a result, both educational attainment and financial development with environmental and social measures can be useful instruments to achieve economic sustainability.
Digital transformation affects the banking sector as it does every sector and enables significant innovations and changes in the banking and finance market. In this sense, it aims to ensure that banking transactions can be carried out quickly, securely, and at less cost, and to achieve the highest level of satisfaction in customer service. New solutions should continue to be developed to enable customers to benefit from digital banking products in the fastest way possible. There are also negative effects of digitalization. When evaluated within the framework of the banking sector, the increasing number of digital services and the number of customers using these services may lead to a decrease in the number of bank personnel. In the study, quantile regression was applied for the period of 2010.Q1-2020.Q4. This study examines the changes that may occur in the number of personnel as a result of the digitalization process in the banking sector and determines the decreasing effect of digitalization on the number of personnel.
Considering the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of corporate governance and corporate sustainability together will bring competitive advantage to businesses as well as efficiency and productivity. From this point of view, it is obvious that developments in corporate governance and corporate sustainability may have positive reflections on the performance of businesses. A good governance structure concerns not only shareholders, but also society and stakeholders. Today, in addition to financial performance, ESG scores also play an active role in increasing the value of companies. If companies give more importance to environmental and social activities, the trust of the stakeholders and society in the company increases and a positive reputation is formed towards the company. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between Borsa Istanbul corporate governance index and sustainability index for the period 2016.01-2022.01. As a result of the cointegration analysis, it was determined that the corporate governance index was 51.7% related to the sustainability index.
Economic developments and financial liberalization have increased the participation of individuals in the financial system, and the abundance of complicated financial decisions made financial literacy more important and relevant than before. An educated perception of the national and international markets has become an important skillset for both the individual and society. Financial literacy of the individual affects not only her own daily life but also the efficiency of the financial system for the society. Increasing financial literacy of the youth is especially critical for the household and the overall economy for countries with a young population such as Turkey. The aim of the study is to determine the financial literacy attitudes and behavior of 1100 university students studying in different faculties of a private university and to reveal significant differences based on certain demographic characteristics.
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