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The objective of this study was to assess the iodine status of pregnant women in a metropolitan city which was stated as iodine sufficient area after salt iodination program. This multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out on 3543 pregnant women. Age, gestational weeks, smoking, consumption of iodized salt, dietary salt restriction, history of stillbirth, abortus and congenital malformations were questioned. Spot urine samples were analyzed for urine iodine concentration (UIC). The outcomes were: (a) median UIC in three trimesters of pregnancy and (b) frequency of ID among pregnant women. The median UIC was 73 µg/L. The median UIC was 77 µg/L (1-324), 73 µg/L (1-600) and 70 µg/L (1-1650) in three trimesters of pregnancy, respectively (p: 0.14). UIC <50 µg/L was observed in 36.6% (n: 1295) and UIC<150 µg/L was observed in 90.7% (n: 3214) of pregnant women. Only 1% (n: 34) of the pregnant women had UIC levels higher than 500 µg/L. This study showed that more than 90% of the pregnant women in this iodine-sufficient city are facing some degree of iodine deficiency during their pregnancy. A salt iodization program might be satisfactory for the non-pregnant population, but it seems to be insufficient for the pregnant population.

Severe methotrexate toxicity due to medical treatment of an ectopic pregnancy is presented. The feasibility of low-dose use and success of methotrexate makes it the first drug in the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancies. Besides its advantages, it should be used with caution and severe toxicity should be kept in mind.

This study was performed to assess insulin resistance (IR) in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive lean (body mass index <25 kg/m) PCOS subjects was performed. Subjects were divided into two groups according to homeostasis model assessment IR index (HOMA-IR), as IR + and IR-. A HOMA-IR value >2.5 was used to indicate IR. A total of 100 lean PCOS subjects were enrolled in the study, of which 47% were insulin resistant. Comparison of group means showed significantly higher values for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), diastolic blood pressure and Ferriman-Gallwey score (FGS) in IR + group. HOMA-IR values were found to be positively correlated with WHR (r = 0.500, p < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.265, p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.273, p < 0.01), estradiol levels (r = 0.218, p < 0.05), FGS (r = 0.456, p < 0.01) and total testosterone levels (r = 0.291, p < 0.01). When evaluating PCOS subjects, the insulin resistant group should be separated as unique and IR should also be evaluated in lean women with PCOS.

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Evaluating UAE and cystatin C may be important for the detection of target subjects at high risk for future metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common reproductive disorder with a variety of clinical manifestations such as menstrual irregularities, signs of androgen excess, and infertility, is now considered not only as an endocrine disorder but also as a complex, multifaceted syndrome with substantial long-term health implications and several adverse metabolic, cardiovascular alterations including metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease risks in the life span. Insulin resistance (IR) is suggested to have a critical role in the metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of PCOS. Human zonulin which is a biomarker for gut permeability is suggested to be related with insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances;however, to our knowledge there is only one study evaluating zonulin levels in PCOS subjects. The aim of the study is to investigate zonulin as a novel biomarker in women with PCOS.DESIGN: Case-control study MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 women with PCOS and 45 age and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy controls were enrolled. Clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters in addition to serum zonulin levels were determined by ELISA and compared between the groups. Insulin resistance, defined by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), was calculated. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparisons of the mean between the two groups, as appropriate. Correlation analyses were performed by using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation methods.RESULTS: Zonulin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with the control (32.51AE32.48 ng/ml vs 18.72AE16.07 ng/ml, respectively; p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, BMI, waist/hip ratio, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride levels, HOMA-IR and free androgen index (FAI). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and total cholesterol were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with the controls. Zonulin levels were found to be positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r¼0.387, p<0.

Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of visceral adiposity indicators on metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study included 200 postmenopausal subjects. Postmenopausal women were divided into two groups based on the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as MetS+ and MetS-. Comparisons of clinical and metabolic characteristics were performed between the groups.Results:The current study included 200 postmenopausal women and 63 subjects were diagnosed as having MetS. Postmenopausal women with MetS demonstrated significantly higher values with respect to systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), triglyceride (TG), lipid ratios, Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA) index, TG glucose (TyG), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) when compared with women without MetS. Correlation analyses showed that LAP and VAI were positively correlated with waist circumference, WHR, BMI, TG, lipid ratios, TyG and HOMA index, and with each other. LAP was also positively correlated with blood pressures.Conclusion:Visceral adiposity indicators may be useful as predictors of MetS in postmenopausal women.