Today, the complexity and high technical requirements of neurosurgical operations are so demanding that modern robotic achievements and advances of accompanied technologies appear as the immanent means, which can significantly improve neurosurgical practice. A novel robotic system (RONNARObotic NeuroNAvigation) for application in neurosurgery is presented. The RONNA consists of two conventional articulated robot arms with a total of 13 degrees of freedom. A rigid and accurate robot is used for precise targeting of planned operating points and a compliant robot is used as operative assistant. A distinctive marker was developed for the purpose of precise localization and registration of the patient's head. A novel visual calibration method is presented. The developed dual arm neurosurgical system enables flexible and reliable application with embedded behaviour based control providing intuitive interaction with surgical team and new possibilities compared to the existing surgical robot solutions.

Vegetation cover change in all the river basins leads to the changes of hydrologic response, soil erosion and sediment dynamics characteristics. Those changes are often viewed as main cause of anthropogenic and accelerated erosion rates in short term and one of the main reasons of climate change in long term. The effects of vegetation cover changes on various parts of water balance and hydrological cycle has to be deeply studied because of its important role on mankind future. The aim of present research was therefore to simulate the responses of soil erosion processes by using a process-oriented soil erosion model IntErO, with the different settings of land use for the years 1977, 1987, 1997, 2006 (2007) and 2016 (2017) in Orahovacka Rijeka watershed; a pilot river basin of the Polimlje Region for the northeastern part of Montenegro. For the current state of land use, calculated peak discharge for the Orahovacka Rijeka was 174-175 m3 s-1 (the incidence of 100 years) and there is a possibility for large flood waves to appear in the studied basin. Real soil losses, Gyear, were calculated on 2614-2921 m3 year-1, specific 229-256 m3 km-2 year-1 (1977-2017). The value of Z coefficient range from 0.444 to 0.478 and indicates that the river basin belongs to III destruction category. The strength of the erosion process is medium, and according to the erosion type, it is surface erosion. According to our analysis the land use changes in the last 40 years influenced the increase of the soil erosion intensity for 11% in the study watershed. Further studies should be focused on the detailed analysis of the land use changes trends with the other river basins at the national level, closely following responses of soil erosion to the changed land use structure. The results and approach also should be used by policymakers in all national natural resources organizations to highlight the role of management.

Monografija Digitalno modeliranje reljefa, cijenjenih autora Ante Šiljega, Mirka Barade i Ivana Marića, iznimno je vrijedna kako zbog teme i osnovnog algoritma kojim se objašnjava visinsko predočenje terena i objekata, tako i zbog postavljenih metodoloških mostova, njihove analize u odgovarajućem programskom okruženju, primijenjenim modulima za korisničko-definirane parametre kao nositeljima geometrijskih i vizualnih informacija o konfiguraciji reljefa i objektima na njemu.

SUMMARYSpatial development of urban and rural areas is a priority task in an adequate urban land management of all modern societies. Although provided by the Law on Agricultural Land, unfortunately such measures are not implemented in Montenegro. One of the main problems is in unresolved legal property relations as well as in the out of date existing cadastral records. A cadastral record is a variable category that should be adjusted to the current situation through the maintaining process. Practice has shown that the rights holders do not report timely a large number of changes of the registered status in the cadastre to the administrative authority.A particular problem is disagreement of surfaces in graphic and alphanumeric GIS database, but all that together affects big problems when adopting the cadastral maps as conditionally accurate on the development and implementation of detailed urban plans. Problem persists in operational cadastre on the entire territory of Montenegro, and its genesis and way of resolving it are specifically analysed in examples in the Municipality of Bar.

This paper deals with the idea that one of the inner thermal insulation layers of a garment may be replaced by expanding the air chambers in the form of an expanding thermal insert, which is inflated with air causing the chamber thickness and thermal insulation properties to change. The chambers are controllable so that the thermal insulation properties can be changed, and by connecting with an appropriate control, the architecture of an article of clothing can be designed such that it can independently monitor changes in its environment and change its thermal insulation properties in accordance with changes in its external and internal environment. In this way, it acquires the characteristics of intelligent clothing. The paper presents idea concepts, development, structural architecture and general characteristics of two generations of intelligent clothing with adaptive thermal insulation properties. The expanding thermal inserts are situated between the outer shell and the lining and are the key element of this type of new clothing. In the first generation of intelligent clothing the expanding inserts were designed in combination with three horizontal chambers that can be sealed in three horizontal layers, whereby it is possible to make six adaptable discontinuous levels of thermal insulation. In the second generation, ribbed expandable chambers were used. Their thickness is continuously changeable according to the pressure change in the chambers, whereby the value of thermal insulation of the chambers can be continuously adapted. The functioning of this clothing is based on the integration of sensors for internal and external temperature and air pressure in the chambers, on a microcontroller with regulation software and actuators to control the expanding insert. When wearing this kind of clothing, the microcontroller system monitors changes in ambient temperature and clothing microclimate depending on the wearer’s physical activity, compares them with the achieved thermal protection and makes autonomous decisions on the required increase or decrease in thermal protection. Since this clothing follows changes in its internal and external environment, estimates the real and necessary state, makes decisions and independently performs the adaptation of thermal insulation to a level that it ensures constant thermal comfort, it can be claimed that such a garment has the basic attributes of intelligent clothing. The paper describes the functioning of two types of thermal insulation chambers, the sensor system used, micropneumatic components, the microcomputer system, the flow chart of the algorithm of intelligent behavior, the complete built-in architecture of all technical subsystems, features of the first and second generation and the observed good and bad points of the conceptual approach to the development of intelligent clothing with adaptive thermal insulation properties.

This paper evaluates the application of the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the monitoring and assessment of temporal vegetation cover changes (from 2006 to 2014) in three municipalities of Central Serbia: Topola, Jagodina and Kuršumlija. Additionally, special focus is placed on the analysis of the forest areas and the possible use of NDVI in the forest management sector. Results of the NDVI applied through Idrisi software identify all vegetation cover types and their typical values for presented case studies and observed periods. Obtained results for Serbian case studies indicate two major observations outlined for the investigated period. It was noticed that vegetation cover is experiencing a certain decrease, and that certain discrepancies exists between the NDVI and official forest area statistics for certain municipalities. The study outlines the positive outcomes of the applied remote sensing techniques, especially for southern Serbian municipalities where illegal logging activities are pronounced. Hence, this method proved very promising for countries performing national forest inventories, such as Serbia, providing local forest managers with several essential up-to-date information about vegetation cover changes on an annual basis.

If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -This paper seeks to examine the practical construction of a patented intelligent article of clothing with active thermal protection, outer shell with a variable thickness, system of thermoinsulating chambers, sensors and measuring systems, microcontroller and control system, actuator system and power supply system based on hardware aspect. Design/methodology/approach -Based on practical construction and software aspect, a measuring and control program with algorithm of intelligent behavior is presented. Findings -An intelligent article of clothing with thermal protection like a complex technical system consisting of a very complex architecture connected by different bus types to constitute a complex system acting synchronously and effectively controlled by the microcontroller containing the program which is based on the algorithm of the intelligent behavior.Research limitations/implications -The technical systems described represent a suitable basis for experiments and scientific research during the introduction of intelligent clothing with active thermal protection into human life. Practical implications -Introduction of intelligent clothing into human life. Originality/value -The prototype of an intelligent article of clothing with active thermal protection was designed and constructed. At the moment it is being subjected to the first experiments of functional investigations of intelligent clothing with active thermal protection.

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