Our objective was to evaluate the effects of application rate (AR) of sodium lignosulfonate and propionic acid on high moisture alfalfa hay spoilage during storage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate (NaL) and Propionic Acid (PRP), which were applied at four AR: 0 (CON), 0.25, 0.5 and 1% (w/w fresh basis) to 20% bloom alfalfa hay (second cut) at 68.5% DM and packed into mini bales (10.3x10.8x13cm; 346kg fresh/m3). The treated bales were stored for 33 days in open-top insulation boxes in a room kept at 22°C. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (5 blocks) with a 2 (TRT) x 4 (AR) factorial arrangement, and differences were declared at P ≤ 0.05. At day 0, no differences were observed for DM (68.5 ± 0.61 %), CP (23.2 ± 0.31% DM), and NDF (42.6 ± 0.66% DM), but NaL had more sugars than PRP (0.99 vs. 0.87 ± 0.66% DM) and PRP at 1% reduced mold counts vs. CON (4.71 vs. 4.97 ± 0.05 log cfu/fresh g). At day 33, DM losses were decreased by PRP at 0.5 and 1% (0.9), relative to CON (6.92) and to NaL (6.63 ± 1.13%). Both TRT decreased NDF at 0.25% (46.3) and furthermore at 1% (44.2) relative to CON (49.4), but overall PRP had lower NDF (45.2) than NaL (47.2± 0.81% DM). No differences were observed for sugars and CP. Visual moldiness (0–10) and mold counts were also decreased by PRP at 0.5% (2.4 and 5.30) and 1% (0 and 2.7) relative to CON (6.0 and 7.13) and NaL (5.85 ± 0.67 and 7.21 ± 0.31 log cfu/fresh g, respectively). In conclusion, NaL failed to prevent spoilage of high moisture hay while PRP was effective at doses >0.5%.
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of application rate (AR) of sodium lignosulfonate and propionic acid on the in vitro fermentation measures of high moisture alfalfa hay. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate (NaL) and Propionic Acid (PRP), which were applied at four AR: 0 (CON), 0.25, 0.5 and 1% (w/w fresh basis) to 20% bloom alfalfa hay (second cut) at 68.5% DM and packed into mini bales (10.3×10.8×13cm; 346 kg fresh/m3). The treated bales were stored for 33 days in open-top insulation boxes in a room kept at 22°C, after which they were dried, ground to 1 mm and incubated in vitro for 48hr with ruminal fluid from two ruminally cannulated Holstein cows in lactation. Gas kinetics were recorded using the Ankom RF Gas Production System. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (5 blocks) with a 2 (TRT) x 4 (AR) factorial arrangement, and differences were declared at P ≤ 0.05. Both TRT increased apparent in vitro DM digestibility (DMD) at all AR relative to CON (54.3 vs 50.1 ± 1.20%, respectively). PRP increased asymptotic maximal (188.4) and rate of gas production (9.46) compared to NaL (179.7 ± 4.82 ml/g of incubated DM and 8.72 ± 0.45%/h, respectively). Total VFA were higher for PRP (117.5) vs NaL (114.8), and for both TRT at 1% relative to CON (118.9 vs. 113.8 ± 1.68mM). Acetate (A) was increased by both TRT at 1% (~73.5) and propionate (P) was increased by PRP at 1% (26.1) relative to CON (69.9 ± 1.10 and 24.2 ± 0.29mM, respectively), but the A:P ratio was higher for NaL at 1% (3.02) vs. CON (2.89 ± 0.04). In conclusion, NaL and PRP at 1% improved the rumen in vitro fermentation measures of high moisture alfalfa hay but PRP did so to a greater extent.
This study evaluated the effects of preservatives on the in vitro fermentation measures of wet brewer’s grain (WBG) silage at different stages of storage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at 1% (NaL1) and 2% (NaL2; w/w of fresh WBG), propionic acid (PRP; 0.5% w/w of fresh WBG), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu/fresh WBG g), and untreated WBG (CON). WBG (Fresh) were packed into 8.8 L mini-silos and stored for 60 d at 21°C (Ensiled), then they were opened and aerobically exposed for 10d (AES). Samples from each stage of storage (STG; Fresh, Ensiled and AES) were analyzed for in vitro ruminal digestibility (24 h).Gas kinetics were recorded using the Ankom RF Gas Production System. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (5 blocks) with a 5 (TRT) × 3 (STG) factorial arrangement. Apparent in vitro DM digestibility (DMD) decreased across STG, (51.5, 47.2 and 40.9 for Fresh, Ensiled and AES, respectively) and increased for NaL1, NaL2 and PRP (~47.8) vs. CON (43.0 ± 2.12%). PRP increased apparent in vitro OM digestibility (OMD) when Ensiled (54.5) and NaL2 increased it for AES (47.1) vs CON (46.3 and 39.9 ± 1.73%, respectively). The asymptotic maximal (M) and rate (k) of gas production decreased across STG (214.6, 181.5, 155.1 and 14.6, 12.6, and 9.8, for Fresh, Ensiled and AES, respectively). PRP increased (200.0) and NaL1 decreased (169.3) M vs. CON (183.9± 7.81ml/incubated DM g), while NaL1 and NaL2 (~11.4) decreased k vs. CON (13.4 ± 0.85%/h). Methane concentration and yield were higher in Fresh vs. other STG (0.94 vs. ~0.84 ± 0.07mM and 0.27 vs. ~0.23 ± 0.03mmol/g fermented OM). Spoilage of WBG decreases fermentability and methane production while PRP and NaL improve digestibility with the former also increasing M and k.
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