Abstract:Based on the proposed 'PIE' analytical framework, this paper argues that the preparation, implementation and evaluation of international standards (ISOs) affect the competitiveness of (foreign-financed) export-oriented manufacturing industry in southern and south-eastern China, both in the shortand long-term. During the period of preparation, the decision to adopt ISOs is mainly driven by market demand and/or by the decisions of established competitors. Negative effects due to the diversion of scarce resources and institutional resistance to change during the period of transitional implementation are offset by the overall enhancement of the firm's productivity in the long-run. 'Tailoring for the external audit' and 'secondbest' practices are two strategies commonly employed by Chinese firms to lower the transaction costs involved in ISO audits.
European Urban and Regional StudiesOil price increases, European gas supply interruptions and the global climate impacts of greenhouse gas emissions are increasing the importance of renewable sources of energy. Photovoltaic (PV) technologies have emerged as a central plank in the establishment of a low-carbon energy system. There are, however, striking differences in the geographies of production and use of PV systems. Between 2000 and 2010Germany was the most important market, while China emerged as the most important manufacturer.
Weidong LiuInstitute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China
Godfrey YeungNational University of Singapore, Singapore
AbstractThe trajectories of the German and Chinese photovoltaic industries differ significantly yet are strongly interdependent. Germany has seen a rapid growth in market demand and a strong increase in production, especially in the less developed eastern half of the country. Chinese growth has been export driven. These contrasting trajectories reflect the roles of market creation, investment and credit and the drivers of innovation and competitiveness. Consequent differences in competiveness have generated major trade disputes.
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