BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. It imposes significant costs on health care systems. Socioeconomic status is also the root cause of healthy challenges among the elderly. Therefore, investigating the association between sarcopenia and socioeconomic status is very important to improve healthy ageing of the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with socioeconomic status among the elderly in Tehran. METHODS: Cross-sectional and case-control studies were conducted from August 2014−July 2015 among 310 men and 334 women elderly (60 and over years old) in Tehran health centers. Randomization, restriction and matching were setting during study design to minimize selection bias. Then study participants were recruited via phone call. Participants' phone numbers were already recorded in a telephone book electronically. When there were two elderly people in the same house, only one person was invited randomly. Association between sarcopenia and socio-economic status was analyzed by SPSS version 22. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly was 16.5%. Prevalenceamong the lowincome elderly was relatively higher than (20.5%) that among those with middle income status (18.2%) while in the higher income, the proportion of sarcopenia was very low (12.8%). The findings indicated that 339(52.6%) were in low-income status, 304(47.1%) were in middle-income status and 1(.2%) in high-income class. CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between socioeconomic status and sarcopenia (Pvalue <0.001). The odd risk of sarcopenia was 0.97 times more likely higher in low socioeconomic class than those who were in middle and high income classes.

BackgroundAs defined by the Controlling Nutrition Status (CONUT) score, the prognostic significance of nutritional status has attracted attention in patients with cardiovascular disease. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the importance of CONUT score for prediction of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in adult patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsObservational studies conducted to evaluate the association of CONUT score with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CAD were included. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library, Google scholar, medRxiv pre-print as well as Science Direct search engine for studies published from the inception of each database until March 21, 2022. Studies reporting the utility of CONUT score in prediction of all-cause mortality and MACE among patients with CAD were eligible. Predictive potential of the CONUT score were summarized by pooling the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% CI for the malnourished vs. normal nutritional status or per point CONUT score increase.ResultsOf 2,547 screened citation, nine observational studies involving 81,257 patients with CAD were analyzed. Malnutrition defined by the CONUT score was associated with significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared with the normal nutritional state (aHR for mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition, respectively: (1.21 [95% CI: 1.15–1.27], I2 = 0%), (1.53 [95% CI: 1.26–1.84], I2 = 84%), and (2.24 [95% CI: 1.57–3.19], I2 = 77%). Similarly, moderate (aHR 1.71 [95% CI: 1.44–2.03], I2 = 0%) and severe (aHR 2.66 [95% CI: 1.82–3.89], I2 = 0%) malnutrition was associated with a significantly higher risk of MACE compared with the normal nutritional state. Additionally, per point increase in the CONUT score was correlated with 20 and 23% additional risk of all-cause mortality and MACE, respectively.ConclusionAs defined by the CONUT score, malnutrition is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and MACE in CAD patients. Nutritional assessment with CONUT score could allow clinicians to identify patients with CAD at high risk for adverse clinical outcomes.

Background and objective Low back pain (LBP) as a musculoskeletal disorder remains a common health problem and is one of the most prevalent occupational injuries affecting adults living in both developed and developing countries. In order to increase the power and improve the estimates of the prevalence of LBP among working Ethiopian population, a comprehensive meta-analysis was carried out. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in multiple international electronic bibliographic databases such as Web of Science, Pub Med, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Population-based Studies into the Prevalence of LBP among working population living in Ethiopia were included. Methodological quality for included studies was appraised using an adapted tool. Meta-analyses, Meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Funnel plot symmetry visualization followed by Beggs rank correlation and Eggers regression asymmetry test methods were performed to detect the existence of publication bias. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by using the Cochrane Q and I2-statistics. Results In all 719 articles were identified and 13 articles with 6513 participants met the inclusion criteria for meta-analyses after filtering. The pooled point and twelve-month prevalence of LBP among working Ethiopian population was 49% (95% CI 40; 58) and 56% (95% CI 49; 62) respectively. Conclusion The results showed the high prevalence of LBP among working Ethiopian population, especially among Teachers. We believe that Prevention strategies addressing the early onset of LBP among working population would most likely be the answer to the burden of LBP on future economies in Ethiopia.

Background and objective: Low back pain (LBP), as a musculoskeletal disorder, remains a common health problem and is one of the most prevalent occupational injuries affecting adults living in both developed and developing countries. To increase the power and improve the prevalence estimates of LBP among the working Ethiopian population, a comprehensive meta-analysis was carried out.Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted through multiple international electronic bibliographic databases such as Web of Science, Pub Med, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Population-based studies with the prevalence of LBP among the working population living in Ethiopia were included. Meta-analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Funnel plot symmetry visualization followed by Begg's rank correlation, and Egger's regression asymmetry test methods were performed to detect the existence of publication bias. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by using the Cochrane Q and I 2 statistics.Results: Overall, 719 articles were identified and 13 articles with 6513 participants met the inclusion criteria for metaanalyses. The pooled point and twelve-month prevalence of LBP among the working Ethiopian population was 49% (95% CI: 40-58) and 56% (95% CI: 49-62), respectively. Conclusion:The results showed a high prevalence of LBP among the working Ethiopian population, especially among teachers. We believe that prevention strategies addressing the early onset of LBP among the working population would most likely be the answer to the burden of LBP on future economies in Ethiopia.

Background Undernutrition is “cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients, energy, and body’s demand to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific function. However, there was no study conducted earlier on this topic in East Borena Zone. Objective To assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in East Borena Zone, Liban district. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 420 study participants from November 20 to December 2021. The systematic sampling technique and simple random sampling methods were used to select the study participants. Data were double entered into Epi-info software version 7 and SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were carried out to identify the association between independent and dependent variables measuring the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 44.9% [95%CI: (41.5, 50.1), family monthly income [AOR = 8.72 (4.80, 15.83)], women decision making, autonomy [AOR = 0.40 (0.19, 0.82)], skipping meal [AOR = 2.62 (1.41, 4.89)], substance use, [AOR = 2.01 (1.07, 3.77)], household food insecurity [AOR = 2.01 (1.06, 3.80)], lack of prenatal dietary advices [AOR = 2.73 (1.53, 4.89)], absence of household latrine [AOR = 9.23 (3.48, 24.46)], not participating health development army’s meeting at village level [AOR = 3.01 (1.57, 5.72)] and hand washing habit [AOR = 6.55 (3.02, 14.20)] had shown statistically significant association with undernutrition. Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was high. Income, women's decision making autonomy, skipping meals, substances use, household food insecurity, lack of prenatal dietary advice, poor hand washing habits, lack of latrine, and not participation in health development army’s meetings were found to be predictors of the undernutrition.

Tuberculosis and parasitic infections are co-endemic in many parts of the world. The treatments of many patients with tuberculosis are under the influence of Intestinal parasite infection that worsens the progression of this disease. Hence, adequate information on co-infection rate is needed to undertake the integrated prevention and control program. Therefore this study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite co-infection and associated factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Adama Town, East shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia. A facility based cross sectional study was conducted from November 2018 up to January 2019 using multi stage random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors for intestinal parasite co-infection was collected by standardized semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire. One gram stool samples for direct saline microscopy, formol-ether concentration technique and modified acid fast staining was collected and processed in accordance to the standard parasitological techniques and procedures at

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BackgroundUndernutrition is cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients, energy and body’s demand to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific function. However, there was no study conducted earlier on this topic in East Borena Zone.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in East Borena Zone, Liban District.MethodA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 study participants from November 20 to December 2021. The systematic sampling technique and simple random sampling methods were used to select study participants. Data were double entered into Epi-info software version 7 and SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were carried out to identify the association between independent and dependent variables by measuring the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsPrevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was about (44.9%) of family monthly income [AOR = 8.72 (4.80, 15.83)], women’s decision-making autonomy [AOR = 0.40 (0.19, 0.82)], skipping meal [AOR = 2.62 (1.41, 4.89)], substance use [AOR = 2.01 (1.07, 3.77)], household food insecurity [AOR = 2.01 (1.06, 3.80)], lack of prenatal dietary advice [AOR = 2.73 (1.53, 4.89)], absence of household latrine [AOR = 9.23 (3.48, 24.46)], not participating health development army’s meeting at village level [AOR = 3.01 (1.57, 5.72)] and hand washing habit [AOR = 6.55 (3.02, 14.20)] had shown statistically significant association with undernutrition.ConclusionThe prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was high income. Women’s decision-making autonomy, skipping meals, substances use, household food insecurity, lack of prenatal dietary advice, poor hand washing habit, lack household of latrine, and not participation in health development army’s meeting were found to be predictors of the undernutrition.