Horseshoe kidney is one of the most common congenital renal fusion anomalies and the incidence of renal cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney is predicted to be approximately 5.2/100000 individuals. Because horseshoe kidney merges malformations and vascular changes, open surgery is the standard for treatment. There are no reports of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for renal cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney. We describe for the first time the safety and the utility of RAPN in a horseshoe kidney with renal cell carcinoma.
Objectives
To investigate the efficacy of selective upper tract urinary cytology using extracorporeal 5‐aminolevulinic acid for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
Methods
We evaluated 104 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy and were diagnosed pathologically as having upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma between March 2013 and May 2019 in Osaka Rosai Hospital. Preoperatively, we collected upper tract urinary cytology from both sides, and compared the sensitivity and specificity between conventional urine cytology and 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced fluorescent urine cytology.
Results
The sensitivity of 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced fluorescent selective upper tract urinary cytology was significantly higher than conventional cytology (90.4% vs 66.3%, P < 0.001), whereas the specificity was equally high (100% vs 98.2%, P = 1.0). In more detailed analysis, the sensitivity of 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced fluorescent selective upper tract urinary cytology was significantly higher than that of conventional cytology unrelated to patients’ age (<76 years: 90.2% vs 68.6%, P = 0.013; ≥76 years: 90.6% vs 64.2%, P = 0.021), sex (male: 89.2% vs 67.5%, P = 0.001; female: 95.2% vs 61.9%, P = 0.02) or pT stage (pT1 or less: 91.4% vs 69.0%, P = 0.005; pT2 or more: 89.1% vs 63.0%, P = 0.006), tumor grade (high grade: 91.0% vs 70.5%, P = 0.002; low grade: 88.5% vs 53.8%, P = 0.013), and tended to be more efficacious for tumors that could not be detected by imaging techniques (83.3% vs 50.0%, P = 0.075).
Conclusions
5‐Aminolevulinic acid‐induced fluorescent selective upper tract urinary cytology is more sensitive than conventional cytology for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, regardless of pT stage and tumor grade.
Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord is a rare disease and often mistakenly diagnosed as inguinal hernia, hydrocele, and lipoma. We report the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with persistent discomfort and swelling on the left inguinal region. He was diagnosed with left scrotum lipoma when he was 12 years old. He underwent high orchiectomy and wide resection of the inguinal tumor. Histopathological examination revealed a well-differentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord with negative resection margin and scrotum lipoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of liposarcoma of the spermatic cord with scrotum lipoma in English literature.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.