In this study a survey using questionnaires was conducted to understand the actual condition of the relationship between methods for taking paid vacation and its usage rate, to focus on verifying the relationship quantitatively by empirical analysis, and to present a plan to promote paid vacation usage. The simple tabulation did not reveal a distinct difference in the number of days taken as paid vacation among the usage methods; however, by making the other conditions constant, the number of days taken as paid vacation by those adopting a share method was significantly high. In other words, by recommending the share method at a workplace, it is possible that the paid vacation usage condition improves considerably. In order for this method to operate effectively, the paper proposed that "efforts to utilize human resources" is necessary so that personnel who can replace the work of employees taking paid vacation are prepared.

In Japan very little empirical security research has been conducted using economic theory. This is because the utility maximization and profit maximization on which economic theory is based are considered to be difficult to apply to security research. The authors have created a model for utilizing economic theory, which so far has been difficult to apply to the economic analysis of security, which they call the MAI-I model. This model has the following features.First, when performing analysis using utility functions, it uses government utility functions and assumes the use of cardinal utility which can accurately measure utility levels. The utility function in this paper, therefore, makes it possible to accurately measure the utility level of past Cabinets with respect to defense.Second, in order to accurately measure utility the precision of utility functions must be increased. In economic theory, for the purpose of greater measurement convenience, utility functions are assumed to be 1st-order homogenous functions. This paper does not make that assumption. Instead, it assumes the function is a μ-order homogenous function and creates a model for use in cardinal utility measurement. The utility function includes μ in its power, but measurement was made possible by using it as an MAI-I model. This produced the following results.First, it was possible to measure the μ value of the μ-order homogenous function, necessary to measure the utility level of the Japanese government with regard to defense. It was found that the function was a 1.1079-order homogenous function. This indicated that the Japanese government has, for a long time, implemented security policy with a defense expenditure budget of less than 1% of the GDP, and restrained their utility even though it will largely grow if they will increase defense equipments and personnels.Second, this utility function could then be used to calculate the government's cardinal utility. This cardinal utility was said to be impossible to measure accurately, but assuming the function is a μ-order homogenous function, it was possible to utilize Japanese defense data to perform measurement. In other words, for the Cabinets which actually focused on security policy, the policies were reflected in actual utility level measurements, indicating that the MAI-I model created in this paper can be used for economic analysis of security. The ability to use the utility functions of this paper to accurately measure utility levels of past Cabinets with regard to defense is a successful quantification of Japan's defense history.Last, the paper indicated future potential for use of the model in analyzing utility from a variety of perspectives.

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This paper focuses on what type of laborers chooses which of the six types of uses of paid vacations. In this paper, we conduct a multinomial logistic regression analysis with the "six types of uses of paid vacations" which are "share method", "progressive method", "regressive method", "self-pay method (advance)", "self-pay method (arrears)", and "self-pay method (work at home)" as object variables. As a result, many of the independent variables did not influence which type was chosen, but interesting variables "information is not shared" and "those around me take paid vacation" were influential, revealing that different types of choices are made depending on how participants work.

No abstract

In April, 2014, the cabinet reexamined the 3 general rules of arms export and they approved these 3 general rules of arms armament transfer. In addition, with the GDP calculation method being revised in December 2016, this amount is expected to increase further. The purpose of this study is to propose the framework of defense spending for the next phase, since as of current, Japan is no longer able to contain its defense spending within 1 % ratio to GDP.This study is unique in a sense that this is the first ever research to analyze the economic model regarding the lifting of ban on Japanese arms export in 2014, that used Leontief's industry related analysis that was originally created to analyze disarmament. We would like to propose its halt index by analyzing the economic model.As one method of effective implementation, we propose to set a new criterion of "shy away from setting both index of power of dispersion and index of sensitivity above 1", and strategize economic policy and defense policy under this premise.Keywords: within 1% framework of the nominal GDP, halt index, input-output table, index of sensitivity, index of power of dispersion

We have applied the system-wide approach, a theory developed by the economist H. Theil, to input-output analysis to demonstrate the closed nature of forestry in Japan. We have also advocated the necessity of opening up the forestry industry in order to optimize production (minimize costs). Specifically, with the methodology employed here, we calculated input coefficients for Japanese forestry using input-output tables. We compared actual input coefficients with the input coefficients calculated to achieve optimal production. The results revealed that intermediate product transactions among forestry industry members were about 12% above the amount required for forestry to achieve optimal production, while intermediate product transactions with other industries were about 11% too low. This means that forest-related commissioned projects are carried out primarily by forestry players, so work is not being allocated to other industries. The results lead us to the conclusion that forestry in Japan is closed and that commissioned projects should be allocated to other sectors. We show compelling examples from prior research on opening up forestry to the construction industry and nonprofit organizations. Opening forestry projects to other sectors will improve forestry technologies in those sectors and lead to technological innovation in Japanese forestry.Keywords: system-wide approach, input-output analysis, the closed nature of forestry in Japan, input coefficients, opening forestry projects to other sectors

This publication seeks to consider statistics education in Japan while referencing a student paper. The paper to be considered is as follows: "Gakusei no Koudou ga Gakusei Seikatsu Manzokudo ni Ataeru Eikyou" (The Influence of Student Behavior on the Degree of Satisfaction Perceived in Student Life).