When it was designated as a World Cultural Heritage (WCH) in 2012, there were 14 Subak organizations formed in Catur Angga Batukaru Area. However, it seems that only Subak Jatiluwih has the privilege to experience rapid development as a tourism destination. The other 13 Subak area in Catur Angga Batukaru has not been well developed. The beauty of their rice terraces, plantation fields, temples and rivers has not been appropriately exposed to the tourists. Further studies are required to investigate the potencies of 13 Subak areas in the Catur Angga Batukaru Area as tourism destinations. An adequate management model would properly assess the potencies of these areas and simultaneously enhance the farmers' well-being, improve the tourist satisfaction level and conserve the environment. The existence of the 13 Subak in Catur Angga Batukaru and its potencies should have developed through the agro-ecotourism-based management model. Hence, this study aimed to organize a Subak-based agro-ecotourism management model in the WCH of Catur Angga Batukaru. The study’s primary data were collected from farmers’ respondents through a direct survey using a questionnaire prepared prior to the data collection. In-depth interviews were also conducted to gather the study data. This study applied qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. Findings revealed that the rest of the areas required to be properly built in the WCH of Catur Angga Batukaru Area. These areas would provide spaces to enjoy the beauty of the Subak terraces and the local plantation fields. Hiking tourism in this area has been developed by the Subak organizations and local travel agents under the surveillance of the local tourism departments. Several tourism supporting facilities such as restaurants and home stays also should have been managed by Subak or local investors. It would help the tourism sites to directly contribute to the well-being of the local community, especially the members of Subak. The future management of agro-ecotourism is also required to involve all Subak organizations in the area. A proper management model not only helps Subak to present themselves as the main subject of a tourism program but also makes them capable to experience the advantageous impacts of the agro-ecotourism development. Key words: agro-ecotourism, Mount Batukaru, rice cultivation, sustainability, Subak, terrace, WCH
Denpasar City as the capital city of Bali Province-Indonesia, is the second largest city in Eastern region of Indonesia. The rapid development of the tourism industry has made Denpasar City as the center of Bali Province's business activities. The conversion of agricultural land is still a serious problem, especially related to the development of agricultural potential in urban areas. This condition certainly requires special attention so that it does not become a threat to the sustainability of agriculture and the lives of the people of Denpasar City. One solution to maintain agricultural activities in conditions of limited agricultural area in urban areas is through a sustainable urban agricultural development approach. Urban agriculture is oriented towards the realization of the ease of fulfilling daily food needs for urban communities. In addition, the urbanization of Denpasar City is so high, thus there was a conversion of agricultural land into residential areas and other purposes to support tourism. The aim of this research was to analyses the status of agricultural resources sustainability and formulate a strategy for sustainable agricultural policy in Denpasar City. The analysis used the Rap-Ur-Agri ordinance method (Rapid Appraisal for Urban Agriculture), the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method and prospective analysis. The results showed that the ecological and economic dimensions were in a less sustainable status, while the social, institutional, and technological dimensions were in moderate sustainable status. Policy strategies to support the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Denpasar City include: (a) maintaining productive rice fields and arranging potential home gardens as an alternative to urban farming development; (b) maintaining the safety and security status of production land through flood prevention and control efforts; (c) designing and developing land-saving urban farming models with clean products; (d) providing subsidies and incentives for farming; (e) developing urban agriculture by using environmentally friendly technology; (f) strengthening of agricultural extension institutions; and (g) developing the implementation of the Sustainable Food House Area Model. The recommendations for agricultural sustainability in Denpasar City were maintaining productive rice fields, arranging the yard of the house as an alternative to be development of farming and preparing workers for agricultural sector, especially the young generation (millennial). Key words: agriculture, Bali, Denpasar, house yard, land conversion, policy, rice fields, sustainable
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