A survey of the floors of 3001 empty sea cargo containers in storage was undertaken to estimate the quarantine risk of importing exotic insect pests into Australia, with special reference to pests of timber. More than 7400 live and dead insects were collected from 1174 containers. No live infestations of timber‐feeding insects were recorded, but feeding damage detected in one floor indicates a low risk of importing colonies of timber pests in containers. The survey collection of dead insects demonstrates that containers are regularly exposed to economically important quarantinable insects, including timber pests (bostrichids, curculionids, cerambycids, siricids and termites), agricultural pests (including Adoretus sinicus, Adoretus sp., Carpophilus obsoletus and Philaenus spumarius), and nuisance pests (vespids and Solenopsis sp.). Stored product pests were found in more than 10% of containers. The assessment of pest risk associated with shipping containers is discussed in terms of the quantity and quality of opportunities for exotic insects to establish via this pathway.

Leioproctus species are frequent flower visitors to Proteaceae and have been inferred as pollinators of many species of Persoonia. This study investigated frequency of flower visitors, their behaviour and the breeding system of Persoonia virgata. The two most frequent visitors were the native bees Trigona carbonaria Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and females of Leioproctus (Cladocerapis) speculiferus Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). These species have different foraging strategies on the flowers of P. virgata and, on the basis of more frequent stigma contact, L. speculiferus was found to be the most effective pollinator. Pollination studies indicated that fruit set of bagged flowers (0.5% and 9.2%) was significantly less (P < 0.001) than fruit set of control flowers left open to visitors (24.0% and 48.9%) in two experiments, respectively. Furthermore, flowers that were bagged and cross‐pollinated set significantly (P < 0.001) more fruit (43.8%) than flowers that were bagged and self‐pollinated (6.6%), suggesting partial self‐incompatibility. No significant difference in fruit set was found between control flowers and cross‐pollinated flowers, indicating that flower visitors of P. virgata were efficient vectors of cross‐pollen from plant to plant.

Insects challenge our international and interstate borders continually both by natural movement and by human assisted means. Insects are highly motile with a vast array of sensory organs that enable them to disperse and find hosts, hence they cause significant problems when introductions into new areas occur. A broad range of entomological skills, including ecology, diagnostics and pest management, is required to manage the quarantine, phytosanitary and incursion issues related to insects. These provide input into the regulatory framework and form a scientific basis for decision‐making processes. Phytosanitary measures are developed with scientific input, whereas the application of them is in a regulatory and legal environment.

This paper provides a revision of Goniocolletes Cockerell, and of Australian subgenera of Leioproctus Smith (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Paracolletini) with three submarginal cells. Seven subgenera were revised: Leioproctus s.str., L. (Ceratocolletes) Michener, L. (Cladocerapis) Cockerell, L. (Excolletes) Michener, L. (Lamprocolletes) Smith, L. (Odontocolletes) Maynard, and L. (Protomorpha) Rayment, and seven new subgenera are herein described: L. (Alokocolletes) subgen.n., L. (Charicolletes) subgen.n., L. (Exleycolletes) subgen.n., L. (Fragocolletes) subgen.n., L. (Hadrocolletes) subgen.n., L. (Minycolletes) subgen.n. and L. (Zosterocolletes) subgen.n. Seven new species of Goniocolletes (Goinocolletes anthedonus sp.n.; Goniocolletes badius sp.n.; Goniocolletes ciliatus sp.n.; Goniocolletes comatus sp.n.; Goniocolletes dasypus sp.n.; Goniocolletes parvus sp.n.; Goniocolletes rugosus sp.n.) and 13 new species of Leioproctus (Leioproctus (Minycolletes) aquilus sp.n.; Leioproctus (Leioproctus) crinitus sp.n.; Leioproctus (Minycolletes) eruditus sp.n.; Leioproctus (Minycolletes) exiguus sp.n.; Leioproctus (Charicolletes) exleyae sp.n.; Leioproctus (Minycolletes) insitus sp.n.; Leioproctus (Leioproctus) litotes sp.n.; Leioproctus (Minycolletes) paulus sp.n.; Leioproctus (Minycolletes) pygmaeus sp.n.; Leioproctus (Leioproctus) quadrimaculatus sp.n.; Leioproctus (Fragocolletes) rutiliventris sp.n.; Leioproctus (Charicolletes) saltus sp.n., and Leioproctus (Alokocolletes) sequax sp.n.) are described. Additionally seven new species-level synonymies are recognized in Goniocolletes and 59 new species-level synonymies in Leioproctus. Most of the species in Leioproctus (Leioproctus) are placed in species groups. One species of Leioproctus with three submarginal cells was not assigned to any subgenus and is therefore treated as incertae sedis regarding its subgeneric placement: Leioproctus opaculus (Cockerell 1929). Additionally some notes on the biology of Leioproctus are provided. Leioproctus in Australia, as recognised in this paper, has 172 species.

Rayment, 1950. A key to the 9 species now included in the subgenus is provided. Most species appear to be oligolectic on flowers of Persoonia spp. (Proteaceae).