Angiotensin II (ANGII) has been associated with vascular proliferation in tumor and non-tumor models through its receptors AT1 and AT2. Our objective was to determine AT1 and AT2 receptor expression in operable breast cancer and its association with tumor grade, vascular density, and cellular proliferation. Seventy-seven surgically malignant breast tumors with no distant metastasis were included, and 7 benign lesions were used as controls. AT1 and AT2 receptor expression was determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 68 out of the 77 malignant lesions and in the 7 benign lesions. AT1 and AT2 receptor expression was detected in 35.3 and 25 % of cases, in both RT-PCR and IHC. Tumors that express AT1 showed an increase in T3 stage (92.3 vs. 7.7 % p < 0.001), mitotic index (4 ± 1 vs 2 ± 1, p = 0.05), vascular density (15 ± 3 vs 8 ± 5, p = 0.05), and cellular proliferation (85 ± 18 vs 55 ± 10, p = 0.01) versus AT1-negative lesions. Non-differences between clinical-pathologic variables and AT2 expression were found. AT1 receptor expression was associated to enhance angiogenesis and cellular proliferation rate, but no relationship with AT2 was found. ANGII and its peptides might play a role in the development and pathophysiology of breast cancer, and this could be valuable in the in the development of targeted therapies.
The -160 C/A polymorphism of the E-cadherin has a direct effect on the risk of diffuse gastric cancer at young age in Mexican population.
A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in acute leukemia adult patients in order to characterize oral mucosal conditions in acute leukemia, and to analyze their association with certain clinical, nutritional and laboratory parameters. Oral evaluation was performed. Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data were considered. Statistical analysis included non-parametric tests and multivariate analysis. A total of 30 patients (60% males) were included; median age of 39 (range 17-62) years old. The median percentage of caloric intake adequacy was 96.8% (range 21.8-205.7%), and the median ideal weight was 117.9% (range 88.2-162.9%). The most common oral mucosal findings were pallor and furred tongue. Leukoedema was seen only in patients <30 years old [OR=1.9 (CI=1.1-3.1); p=0.003]; more cases of fissured tongue [OR=17.1 (CI=1.8-163.8); p=0.005] were seen in subjects >30 years old. Exfoliative cheilitis was more frequent in females [OR=2.7 (CI=1.2-6.1); p=0.02] and in patients with high β-carotene concentrations [Md= 94.5 vs 57.0 µg/dl; (p=0.01)]. Higher rates of diffuse hyperpigmentation were seen (p<0.05) in patients having low vitamin B12 [Me=240 vs 626 pg/ml] and folic acid concentrations [Md=5.8 vs 8.5 ng/ml]; Geographic tongue was found among patients with low serum albumin [Md= 2.7 vs 3.5 g/dl; (p=0.006)] and folic acid [Md=7.9 vs 11.6 ng/mL; (p=0.02)]. Furred tongue was more frequent in patients with low hemoglobin concentration [Md=7.2 vs 8.5 g/dl ;( p=0.01)] and poor oral hygiene [Md=1.1vs 0.7 ;( p=0.04)]. Nutritional depletion was more frequently observed among patients with indentation (p=0.04) and geographic tongue (p=0.03)]. Age, gender and certain micronutrient deficiencies were significantly associated to specific oral mucosal findings in acute leukemia.
This paper addresses the polar profile of ancient proteins using a comparative study of amino acids found in 25 000 000-year-old shells described in Abelson's work. We simulated the polar profile with a computer platform that represented an evolutionary computational toy model that mimicked the generation of small proteins starting from a pool of monomeric amino acids and that included several dynamic properties, such as self-replication and fragmentation-recombination of the proteins. The simulations were taken up to 15 generations and produced a considerable number of proteins of 25 amino acids in length. The computational model included the amino acids found in the ancient shells, the thermal degradation factor, and the relative abundance of the amino acids observed in the Miller-Urey experimental simulation of the prebiotic amino acid formation. We found that the amino acid polar profiles of the ancient shells and those simulated and extrapolated from the Miller-Urey abundances are coincident.
10632 Background: Angiotensin II (ANG II) is the main effector peptide of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. ANG II has multiple physiologic effects and recent studies have demonstrated that is an angiogenic factor in non-tumoral experimental models. We demonstrated that malignant glioma cells express both receptors and the blockage of AT1 inhibits tumoral growth in vivo, and induces apoptosis. Studies on the ANG II receptors’ subtypes in adenocarcinoma of the breast in mice have demonstrated high expression of AT1; nevertheless, their expression in breast cancer hasn’t been studied. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of the ANG II receptors AT1 and AT2 in human breast cancer and their association to vascularity, cellular proliferation, hormone receptors; as well as to the disease free survival. Methods: Malignant breast tumors (n = 78) from patients who underwent surgery were collected between 2000 and 2004. Patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. The AT1 and AT2 receptor expression was performed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The control samples were 8 breast fibromas. Results: The median age of patients was 54.7 years, the pathological stage included stage I (15.5%), II (65.5%) and III (18.9%). The patients underwent radical mastectomy in 61.4 % and conservative surgery in 39%. The median survival was 82 ± 5 months. AT1 and AT2 expression was found in 66% and 55%, respectively The coexpression of AT1 and AT2 receptors was positive-positive in 55% o and negative-negative in 16% of the tumors (p = 0.045). None of the benign tumors showed AT1 and AT2 expression (p = 0.01). The associated factors survival were stage (p = 0.03, log rank = 0.05) and differentiation grade. The AT1 receptor expression was associated with presence of estrogen receptors (p = 0.05), mitosis index (p = 0.05), cellular proliferation index (p = 0.01) and vascular density (p = 0.05). Conclusions: There is an important expression of the ANG II receptors AT1 and AT2 in breast cancer. AT1 and AT2 participate in cellular proliferation mechanisms of breast cancer and may play an important role in its biology, thus making them potential therapeutic targets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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