Callao Bay is strategically important for the industrial and tourist sector, serving as a recreational space for a large part of the population of Chalaca. However, even so, it permanently receives discharges of effluents, chemical products, and residues from oil refineries, hydrocarbons, and domestic and agricultural residues. The objective of this research is to evaluate biochemical indicators in fish against contaminants in the coastal area of Callao, Peru. The seasonal criterion (collections in autumn, spring, summer, and winter) and the spatial criterion (collections at four points along the coastal zone of Callao) were considered. Isacia conceptionis and Odontesthes regia showed relatively high concentration values of the enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Specifically, ALT is an enzyme used to assess liver function. Sciaena deliciosa showed high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the liver but low values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and ALT. In addition, ALP is an indicator of renal impairment; in saltwater fish, its increase may be related to the increase in water salinity. The fish with the highest trophic level among the marine fish analyzed was O. regia. This fish presented the lowest values of ALP in the liver and muscle ALP and AChE (acetylcholinesterase) in the liver and the highest values for AST. S. deliciosa and O. regia are species that can be used in environmental biomonitoring, showing variation to the biomarkers studied because they have shown changes in the values of biochemical markers, mainly AChE of the brain and muscle, and in the protein concentrations of muscle, brain, and liver between seasons and sampling points in Callao Bay. It is concluded that the marine fish models evaluated are very useful in assessing contamination in Callao Bay.
La presente investigación desarrolla una pintura acuosa microbicida para evitar infectaciones en superficies de alto contacto. En base a los ensayos experimentales se propusieron dos formulaciones químicas constituidas por una resina látex acrílico, resina siliconada, óxido de titanio, omazide de zinc, nanopartículas de óxido de cobre y aditivos. Los resultados demostraron que la pintura de la formulación 2 presentó buena homogenización, brillo y estabilidad, su tiempo de secado promedio es de 30 min, tiene adecuado grosor de recubrimiento en metal (49,2μm) y viscosidad (60s en copa Ford N°4), según las normas ASTM D 1186 01 y ASTM D 1200, respectivamente; en base a estas características se considera de calidad aceptable. Los bioensayos realizados con bacterias de Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, 1884 y Escherichia coli (Escherich, 1885) por el método de incorporación, demostraron que las dos formulaciones tienen propiedades antimicrobianas. En la determinación del efecto antifúngico de hongos ambientales como Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp. (hongos filamentosos) y Rodotorula sp. (levadura) en la formulación 1 hasta la dilución 1/106 no se observa crecimiento y en la formulación 2 no creció hasta la última dilución que fue empleada (1/1010). Se concluye que su uso en el pintado de superficies de alto contacto sería eficiente para evitar infectaciones por hongos ambientales y bacterias como S. aureus y E. coli. En el ensayo de toxicidad de la pintura de ambas formulaciones podemos decir que a partir de 37 ug inhibe el 50% de crecimiento celular lo que podemos deducir que hay efecto en procariontes como bacterias. Se recomienda continuar los bioensayos para ampliar su estudio con otras bacterias, hongos y parásitos.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.