Many affected counties have had experienced a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to investigate the needs of healthcare professionals and the technical difficulties faced by them during the initial outbreak. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the healthcare workforce in the most populous cities from three Latin American countries in April 2020. In total, 1,082 participants were included. Of these, 534 (49.4%), 263 (24.3%), and 114 (10.5%) were physicians, nurses, and other professionals, respectively. At least 70% of participants reported a lack of PPE. The most common shortages were shortages in gown coverall suits (643, 59.4%), N95 masks (600, 55.5%), and face shields (569, 52.6%). Professionals who performed procedures that generated aerosols reported shortages more frequently (p<0.05). Professionals working in the emergency department and primary care units reported more shortages than those working in intensive care units and hospital-based wards (p<0.001). Up to 556 (51.4%) participants reported the lack of sufficient knowledge about using PPE. Professionals working in public institutions felt less prepared, received less training, and had no protocols compared with their peers in working private institutions (p<0.001). Although the study sample corresponded to different hospital centers in different cities from the participating countries, sampling was non-random. Healthcare professionals in Latin America may face more difficulties than those from other countries, with 7 out of 10 professionals reporting that they did not have the necessary resources to care for patients with COVID-19. Technical and logistical difficulties should be addressed in the event of a future outbreak, as they have a negative impact on healthcare workers.
Clinical trial registration: NCT04486404
La tecnología y la nueva era digital están suponiendo grandes transformaciones en todos los sectores de la economía. En el ámbito financiero, la aplicación de la tecnología da como resultado lo que se conoce como fintech. Aunque la combinación de finanzas y tecnología nos lleva acompañando desde hace décadas, en los últimos años ha adquirido una gran relevancia debido a la rapidez con que se suceden las innovaciones como consecuencia de la democratización de la digitalización, esto es, del acceso masivo y barato a las nuevas tecnologías por empresas y consumidores. El fenómeno fintech abarca una gran variedad de áreas, también denominadas verticales, que incluyen desde los medios de pago hasta la financiación alternativa, pasando por las criptomonedas o el big data, por citar algunos ejemplos.
Este trabajo se centra en las repercusiones fintech en el segmento de los medios de pago, en donde viene registrándose toda una revolución. El uso del efectivo se está reduciendo debido a la aparición de nuevas y variadas alternativas como los monederos digitales, las plataformas P2P y otras alternativas cuyo uso está menos generalizado, como los pagos mediante factura telefónica. Realizamos un detallado análisis sobre estas innovaciones explicando su funcionamiento, los principales operadores y su evolución. También se abordan las perspectivas futuras, al objeto de conocer qué nos depara el futuro y las posibles implicaciones y adaptaciones de los cambios que están por venir relacionados con la tecnología blockchain, la inteligencia artificial, el internet de las cosas o la computación cuántica.
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