Leprosy is a still a serious human health problema in developed countries. Environmental and genetic factors are playing a key role in the chronic course of the disease, resistance versus susceptibility. The multidrug treatment is not effective for all infected individuals; “cured” individuals mostly show relapses of neurological disordes and potential as the same as not cured can present physical and deformed constrainst. The unsolved puzzle in leprosy is that clinic spectrum depends of the host immune response.and thus, the outcome of the immune response. In the present review we intended to describe some aspects of the immunotherapy, based on type I IFNs and M. bovis BCG vaccine as a strategy such as sword to target germinal centers, either for the generation or for the enhancement and thus, throughout key signals delivered by folicular CD4+ T cells, and controlled by folicular regulatory CD4+ T cells, B cell differentiation into plasmacytoid cells be highly promoted the induction of protective high affinity neutralyzing antibodies to unlock humoral immunity, protective toward M. leprae infected individuals.
Bovine Tuberculosis caused by M. bovis represents an economic and animal health problem worldwide. In Mexico, the biogeography of M. bovis stemmed from studies using genotyping through several genetic markers obtained from SNPs, RFLPs, VNTRs, and Spoligotyping. More recent studies worldwide have used a combination of genotying and whole genome sequencing, in order to cover evolutive history, behavior, phylogeography of the strains. Not whole genome studies in M. bovis from Mexico have been made in detail since in SRA Genbank are deposited only the "reads" of the sequences of the M. bovis isolates. Therefore, in the present study, we focused to carried out the genome assembly of the reads from the SRA database. Phylogenomic analysis show that different isolates of M. bovis strains cluster in the same clade independent of the region, suggesting a close relationship between them. Collectively the data provide an update in the M. bovis phylogeography in Mexico.
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