Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, parasite responsible for Chagas disease, are divided in intradomestic, peridomestic and sylvatic. The intradomestic are Triatoma barberi and Triatoma dimidiata, two species that represent the highest health risk among the Mexican population. Triatoma dimidiata is a species found mainly inside human habitats, but in Yucatan, it corresponds to the peridomicile vectors. Also in the peridomicile most of Chagas disease vectors are found: Meccus bassolsae, M. longipennis, M. mazzottii, M pallidipennis, M. phyllosomus, M picturata, Triatoma gerstaeckeri, T mexicana, T rubida, Dipetalogaster máxima (the last two are in the process of becoming adapted to the domicile), Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus which occasionally enters the domicile in its adult stage, and Rhodnius prolixus, which is practically controlled in the country. Peridomestic vectors are of lower risk in the transmission dynamics, as compared to the intradomestic ones. For the control of the intradomestic vectors, health education programs, improvements of housing, and the use of pesticides are essential To control the peridomestic vectors, health education programs are required, as well as the use of mosquito nets on doors and windows and around beds, aside from cementing the stone wall fences.
Los transmisores de Trypanosoma cruzi, flagelado causante de la enfermedad, se dividen en intradomiciliados, peridomiciliados y silvestres. Entre los intradomiciliados se encuentran, Triatoma barberi y Triatoma dimidiata, que son los que representan un mayor riesgo para la Salud Pública, en México. Aunque Triatoma dimidiata se encuentra principalmente dentro de la vivienda, en Yucatán tiene un comportamiento peridomiciliar, dentro de este grupo se encuentran la mayoría de los transmisores de la enfermedad de Chagas Meccus longipennis, M. mazzottii, M. pallidipennis, M. phyllosomus, M. picturatus, Triatoma gerstaeckeri, T. mexicana, T. rubida, Dipetalogaster máxima, Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus y Rhodnius prolixus. Los transmisores peridomiciliados son de menor riesgo en la dinámica de transmisión comparados con los intradomiciliados. Para el control de los transmisores intradomiciliados, se deben emplear programas de educación para la salud, mejoramiento de vivienda e insecticidas; mientras que para los vectores visitantes o peridomiciliados, son necesarios programas de educación para la salud, uso de mosquiteros, pabellones y cementación de las bardas de piedra.
Resúmen. Triatoma mexicana fue descrita originalmente en 1848 por Herrich-Schaeffer nombrándola Conorhinus mexicanus Herrich-Schaeffer. Actualmente se registra su hallazgo en los estados de Guanajuato, Hidalgo Querétaro y San Luis Potosí. Los estudios sobre su distribución espacial, índices entomológicos, presencia en el intradomicilio y peridomicilio, biología y riesgo de transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas demuestran que es una especie importante desde el punto de vista de salud pública. Con el propósito de ampliar el conocimiento biológico sobre la especie, en el presente estudio se hace la descripción de la hembra así como la genitalia externa del macho, en ejemplares capturados en el estado de Guanajuato.Palabras-Clave: Genitalia Externa del Macho; Guanajuato; México; Triatominae. Triatoma mexicana Herrich-Schaeffer (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) Description of the External Male Genitalia and External Morphology of the FemaleAbstract. Triatoma mexicana was originally described in 1848 by Herrich-Schaeffer, naming Conorhinus mexicanus Herrich-Schaeffer. Its finding is currently registered in the States of Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Querétaro, and San Luis Potosí. Studies about the spatial distribution, the entomological indices, it presence indoor an outdoor in houses, it biology and risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas show that it is an important species from the point of view of public health. With the purpose of extending the biological knowledge of this species, the present study is the description of the female as well as the external male genitalia, in specimens captured in the State of Guanajuato.
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