Resumen: Los colutorios antisépticos que llevan clorhexidina incorporada son de los más utilizados actualmente. En la mayoría de colutorios antisépticos la clorhexidina se encuentra a unas concentraciones de 0,12% o de 0,20%. La inhibición de la placa bacteriana por la clorhexidina es dosis dependiente por lo que se puede conseguir igual inhibición de placa con un volumen menor de un colutorio a mayor concentración. La dosis óptima de clorhexidina liberada en un colutorio con un buen equilibrio entre la eficacia y los efectos secundarios es de alrededor de unos 20 mg. Parece que recomendar tiempos cortos de enjuague mejora el cumplimiento y producen menor tinción (30 segundos).Dado que la clorhexidina a las concentraciones habituales de 0,12% y 0,20% produce efectos indeseables como las tinciones dentarias, se ha estudiado la combinación de clorhexidina a concentraciones más bajas (0,05%) con otros agentes activos incorporados a la formulación tales como fluoruro sódico (0,05%), cloruro de cetilpiridinio (0,05%) o triclosán. Sin embargo, dichas concentraciones parecen que tampoco están exentas de las tinciones dentarias, aunque en menor grado. Además, existen hasta la fecha muy pocos estudios a largo plazo con dichas concentraciones más bajas.Palabras clave: Clorhexidina, Colutorios, Concentraciones. Abstract:Mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine appear to be the most effective chemical agents in plaque control, with most of them being of 0.12% and 0.20% concentrations. Plaque inhibition by chlorhexidine is dose-dependent, which means that comparable effects can be obtained with a smaller volume of a mouthrinse with a higher concentration. The optimum dose of chlorhexidine delivered by mouthrinse, which balances efficacy against local side effects, is considered to be around 20 mg twice a day. Better compliance and less tooth staining with shorter rinsing time (30 seconds) is suggested.Chlorhexidine at usual concentrations of 0.12% and 0.20% produce side-effects such as extrinsic tooth staining leading to the search of different formulations: chlorhexidine at lower concentrations (0.05%) combined with the incorporation of other active agents to the formulation such as sodium fluoride (0.05%), cetylpyridinium chloride (0.05%) and triclosan is being studied. However, it seems that these lower concentrations are not exempt from the staining effects. Furthermore, there are very few long-term studies using these concentrations, so their long-tem effect regarding efficacy and side effects is not known.
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