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In order to explore the effects of solitary confinement (SC) on penitentiary inmates, data were collected from volunteer respondents at five U.S. and Canadian prisons. Besides a structured interview, measures of personality, intelligence, mood, subjective stress, and creativity were administered. A questionnaire was used to identify ways of coping with the SC experience. Although the prisoners as a group differed from standardization samples on some of the tests, there were no dramatic differences between convicts who had experienced SC and those who had not. These data, which are unusual in that they were collected from actual convicts who were responding to SC as it is normally administered in their institution (as opposed to volunteer subjects under special conditions), do not support the view that SC in prisons is universally damaging, aversive, or intolerable.

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Materials from the popular media and the speeches of federal party leaders, appearing approximately 2 months before the election in the 10 Canadian federal election years 1945-74, were analyzed lor motive imagery (need for achievement, power, and affiliation) and integrativu complexity. Media items were significantly higher in affiliation and power imagery and significantly lower in achievement than leaders' speeches. There was a significant correlation between the overall imagery content (motive richness) of the media samples and the winners' speeches, but not the losers' speeches. Liberal candidates were significantly higher than Conservatives in affiliation imagery and in integrative complexity. RESUME Des documents issus des medias ct des discours des chefs de partis politiques federaux etant apparus approximativement 2 mois avant les 10 elections canadiennes, ayant eu lieu entre 1945 1974, sont analyses en cc qui eoncerne leur imagcrie motivationnelle (besoins d'accomplisscmcnt, dc pouvoir ct d'affiliation) ainsi quc leur complexite integrative. Les documents issus des medias ctaicnt significativement plus eleves en imagerie d'affiliation et dc pouvoir ct significativcmenl plus faibles en imagcrie d'accomplissement que les discours des chefs politiques. Une correlation significative Cut obtenue cntrc l'cnscmblc du contenu de I imagerie (la richesse de la motivation) des documents issus des medias et les discours des chefs politiques, mais seulement pour les candidats clus. Les candidats liberaux demontrcrent une imagerie d'affiliation et une complexite integrative significativement plus clcvcs que ceux des candidats conservatcurs.

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Fifteen subjects each spent twenty-four hours lying on a bed in a completely dark, sound-reduced chamber. Measures of imagery, thought content, and affective reactions were administered before, during, and after the session. Self-ratings indicated that subjects were relaxed but alert in the chamber. No dramatic changes in ideation occurred. Accuracy of recall for a word list improved after the session. Most of the thoughts reported in the chamber were concerned with real events occurring in the present and involving friends. There were few reports of fantasizing, stimulus-bound thoughts, reverie, etc. Useful activities in the chamber included sleeping, paying attention to events occurring in that environment, and thinking about the future. There was very little reference to negative reactions, either cognitive or affective. The findings are relevant to theoretical and applied issues concerning the influence of restricted environments on memory, problem-solving, creativity, and emotions.After a long period of neglect, the scientific study of consciousness has within the last two decades returned to psychology. The development of techniques for monitoring and analyzing the flow of consciousness concurrently (rather than retrospectively) has been a major factor in this change, as has the large and still increasing interest in the study of cognition and affect. While many researchers in these areas focus on responses to stimuli presented in an