Background Animal pollination is an important ecosystem function and service, ensuring both the integrity of natural systems and human well-being. Although many knowledge shortfalls remain, some high-quality data sets on biological interactions are now available. The development and adoption of standards for biodiversity data and metadata has promoted great advances in biological data sharing and aggregation, supporting large-scale studies and science-based public policies. However, these standards are currently not suitable to fully support interaction data sharing. Results Here we present a vocabulary of terms and a data model for sharing plant–pollinator interactions data based on the Darwin Core standard. The vocabulary introduces 48 new terms targeting several aspects of plant–pollinator interactions and can be used to capture information from different approaches and scales. Additionally, we provide solutions for data serialization using RDF, XML, and DwC-Archives and recommendations of existing controlled vocabularies for some of the terms. Our contribution supports open access to standardized data on plant–pollinator interactions. Conclusions The adoption of the vocabulary would facilitate data sharing to support studies ranging from the spatial and temporal distribution of interactions to the taxonomic, phenological, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of plant–pollinator interactions. We expect to fill data and knowledge gaps, thus further enabling scientific research on the ecology and evolution of plant–pollinator communities, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and the development of public policies. The proposed data model is flexible and can be adapted for sharing other types of interactions data by developing discipline-specific vocabularies of terms.
In recent years, agriculture has grown considerably in Brazil and as a result, there has been a significant increase in the use of pesticides in crops. In this sense, studies have shown that one of the main causes of the disappearance of insects is directly related to the use of pesticides, which in addition to being a highly aggressive product for the environment, are also harmful to the health of individuals. Based on this assumption, the present work has as main objective to carry out a survey with the main works that describe about the effect of the use of pesticides in the reduction of insects. To carry out the study, a methodological research was used based on a literature review with reading in several books, magazines and scientific articles. After collecting the data, it was concluded that the exacerbated use of pesticides in crops contributes to the mass extinction of several insects, including bees, which are of great importance for the existence of life on the planet.
Cursos de meliponicultura podem ser uma forma eficiente de apresentar uma atividade sustentável, com potencial para transformar-se em fonte de renda complementar e um momento de autoconhecimento e reflexão social para mulheres. Relatamos aqui a experiência de desenvolvimento de um projeto de inclusão feminina usando como mote “abelhas sem ferrão”, que envolveu desde a criação de um grupo multidisciplinar, até o desenvolvimento da metodologia e do material didático, identificação do público-alvo (mulheres prioritariamente agricultoras e em situação de risco) e a sua efetivação. Foram matriculadas 22 mulheres e o curso durou três meses (40 h). O curso foi oferecido online, devido à pandemia de COVID-19, com auxílio financeiro às alunas mais carentes. Foi dividido em 5 módulos de 8 h: 1. “O animal mais importante da Terra”. 2. “A História da relação entre o ser humano e as abelhas”. 3. “A relação entre as abelhas e as flores". 4. “Criação de abelhas nativas” e 5. “Manejo de abelhas sem ferrão”. Foram discutidos tanto temas relacionados à biologia e ao manejo de abelhas como aspectos psicossociais. Os resultados sugerem que cursos de este tipo podem ser uma ótima via para inclusão de mulheres na sociedade, tanto pelo autoconhecimento, valorização da sua história e ambiente, como pelo conhecimento sobre uma atividade de renda complementar. O desenvolvimento de cursos de meliponicultura deve ser estimulado em comunidades em todo o Brasil, inclusive naquelas em que se pretende ressaltar o papel da mulher na sociedade e na qualidade de vida e do meio ambiente.
Environmental Education is essential in people’s lives. Not all students have had the opportunity to participate in Environmental Education projects during their normal study time, however, today many students are involved in projects that help them build social values and protect the planet. The objective of this research was, through an electronic questionnaire, to verify the degree of knowledge that people have about Environmental Education. In total, 1,024 people from all Brazilian states responded to the questionnaire, with the highest percentage of responses from the female audience, aged between 15 and 45 years, who studied in public schools. Most participants have satisfactory knowledge about what Environmental Education is, however a high number of people stated that they have never participated in an Environmental Education project.
The soil has an innumerable diversity of living beings, whose function is to maintain balance and proper functioning, which is why these beings can be known as bioindicators of soil quality. Thus, this theme becomes very important in environmental education, which in many places addresses this issue through research and teaching projects that aim to encourage people to think more sustainably in relation to the soil and especially the environment. The present work provides a survey of information on the subject and highlights the importance of soil invertebrates.
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