Underutilization of glucose data and lack of easy and standardized glucose data collection, analysis, visualization, and guided clinical decision making are key contributors to poor glycemic control among individuals with type 1 diabetes. An expert panel of diabetes specialists, facilitated by the International Diabetes Center and sponsored by the Helmsley Charitable Trust, met in 2012 to discuss recommendations for standardization of analysis and presentation of glucose monitoring data, with the initial focus on data derived from CGM systems. The panel members were introduced to a universal software report, the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP), and asked to provide feedback on its content and functionality, both as a research tool and in clinical settings. This paper provides a summary of the topics and issues discussed during the meeting and presents recommendations from the expert panel regarding the need to standardize glucose profile summary metrics and the value of a uniform glucose report to aid clinicians, researchers, and patients.

Patients with IHH are almost invariably either anosmic (KS) or normosmic (nIHH), rather than exhibiting intermediate degrees of olfactory deficit. Moreover, the prevalence of cryptorchidism is nearly three times greater in KS than in nIHH despite comparable testicular volumes, suggesting a primary defect of testicular descent in KS independent of gonadotrophin deficiency. Disorders of eye movement and hearing appear only to occur in association with KS. Taken together, these findings indicate a clear phenotypic separation between KS and nIHH. However, pedigree studies suggest that autosomal KS is an heterogeneous condition, with incomplete phenotypic penetrance within pedigrees, and that some cases of autosomal KS, nIHH and even isolated anosmia are likely to have a common genetic basis. The prevalences of anosmia, mirror movements and unilateral renal agenesis among X-KS men are estimated to be 100, 85 and 31%, respectively. In sporadic IHH, mirror movements and unilateral renal agenesis are 100% specific phenotypic markers of de novo X-KS. By comparison, only 7/10 X-KS families harboured KAL coding defects. Clinical ascertainment, using mirror movements, renal agenesis and ichthyosis as X-KS-specific phenotypic markers, suggested that de novo X-KS was unlikely to comprise more than 11% of sporadic cases. The majority of sporadic KS cases are therefore presumed to have an autosomal basis and, hence, the preponderance of affected KS males over females remains unexplained, though reduced penetrance in women would be a possibility.

Underutilization of glucose data and lack of easy and standardized glucose data collection, analysis, visualization, and guided clinical decision making are key contributors to poor glycemic control among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. An expert panel of diabetes specialists, facilitated by the International Diabetes Center and sponsored by the Helmsley Charitable Trust, met in 2012 to discuss recommendations for standardizing the analysis and presentation of glucose monitoring data, with the initial focus on data derived from continuous glucose monitoring systems. The panel members were introduced to a universal software report, the Ambulatory Glucose Profile, and asked to provide feedback on its content and functionality, both as a research tool and in clinical settings. This article provides a summary of the topics and issues discussed during the meeting and presents recommendations from the expert panel regarding the need to standardize glucose Profile summary metrics and the value of a uniform glucose report to aid clinicians, researchers, and patients.

Thyrotoxicosis is a common endocrine condition that may be secondary to a number of underlying processes. Thyroid storm (also known as thyroid or thyrotoxic crisis) represents the severe end of the spectrum of thyrotoxicosis and is characterized by compromised organ function. Whilst rare in the modern era, the mortality rate remains high, and prompt consideration of this endocrine emergency, with specific treatments, can improve outcomes.