The demagnetization of the 4f state of metallic Ce as function of pressure was studied by magnetic susceptibility measurements. In contrast to the p and y phases, the collapsed a phase does not show a local moment but exhibits instead a strong local exchange enhancement of the susceptibility. The susceptibility decreases linearly with increasing pressure in our measuring range and is estimated to decrease by 80 % between the boundaries of the magnetic and the superconducting phases. The results are consistent with the Anderson model of local moment formation over the entire range of interest of the parameter E^E V .In the j3 and y phases cerium exhibits an effective moment very close to the value of the singly occupied 4/ shell, and the j3 phase undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at 12.S^. 1 On the other hand, in the a f phase above -50 kbar, Wittig found superconductivity at 1.8°K. 2 Since cerium is the only metal known to have a magnetic and a superconducting phase, it is of paramount interest for studies of local moment formation and the interplay of magnetism and superconductivity, especially in the intermediate a phase.We have developed a technique to measure small paramagnetic susceptibilities under pressure allowing, for the first time, unambiguous magnetic studies of the a phase. Our results are consistent with a demagnetization of the local Af state on the Ce atom according to the Friedel-Anderson model 3 which has been applied 4 to Ce with the assumption that the energy of the local 4/ level E^ moves upwards with respect to the Fermi level E F when the pressure increases. It seems that Ce is suitable for quantitative experimental and theoretical studies of many aspects of the Friedel-Anderson model over a very wide range of the fundamental parameter E^-EY. The samples were arc melted from ingots (Johnson-Matthey batch No. 269, nominal purity 99.99%) in an argon atmosphere and machined into cylinders. They were annealed at 300°C for about 5 h, fitted into Teflon jackets, and pressurized in a small clamp (1.2 by 0.6 in. in diameter) made of very pure BeCu. The magnetic moment of this assembly was measured as a function of magnetic field (0 to 11 kG) and temperature (0.38 to 300°K) in a Faraday magnetometer described elsewhere. 5 The large diamagnetic moment of the fairly massive clamp was compensated by a strip of pure Ta sheet of suitable length which was wrapped around its diameter. The residual magnetic moment of the empty clamp assembly was measured separately as a function of field and temperature. The absolute accuracy of the susceptibility, after correction for the clamp, is about 1 %, whereas the relative accuracy (between changes of pressure) is 0.3%. Figure 1 shows the pressure dependence of the 28 24 20 16 h 12 h 0
The photon-assisted tunneling, originally observed by Dayem and Martin, has been remeasured for Al-In junctions and extended to Sn-Pb junctions. Particular attention has been devoted to obtaining detailed quantitative measurements of the current / and the conductance dl/dV versus voltage and for various microwave power levels. In addition to the steps in the tunneling current at eVo -Ai-i-Az^nhca observed by Dayem and Martin, we have observed an additional set at eVo~A2-Aidznhco. We can conclude that the phase shift in peak position above the tunneling edge is from an almost exact superposition of these two sets of peaks, a consequence of the near coincidence of the microwave photon energy and one-half the energy gap of indium. A detailed comparison of our results with the theory of Tien and Gordon gives good agreement as to peak positions and shapes while the dependence of peak amplitude on microwave power level is poor, particularly at higher power levels. We have extended the Tien and Gordon theory to provide for a modulation of the density of states in both superconductors and have recalculated the tunneling current. The agreement with experiment is good, in particular, the nonvanishing of the conductance for any value of the microwave power is accounted for.
The first-and second-order magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants, K x and K 2 , of EuS were measured by a ferromagnetic resonance technique. The measurements were performed at 21.48 GHz and 1.35°K, and the sample was a small, highly polished strain-free single-crystal sphere, oriented so that the (110) plane contained both the rf and static magnetic fields. The linewidth was of order 10 Oe, the narrowest observed in a chalcogenide of europium and indicates the degree of perfection and purity of the sample. Ki/M and K2/M (where M is the saturation magnetization) were determined to be -19.6dbl.O and -4.6±0.3 Oe, respectively. The cubic crystal-field splitting parameters 64 and h were calculated on the basis of Wolf's single-ion mechanism, and were determined to be (0,268±0.014) X 10~4 and (-0.019±0.09) X 10~4 cm" 1 , respectively. The results are compared with the behavior of the Eu + + ion in cubic host lattices.
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