In order to improve knowledge of Trichoptera diversity in Northeast Region, Brazil, we present here the first checklist of caddisflies from Maranhão State with a description of a new species and geographical records for the Northeast Region and for all of Brazil. Collections were made in 16 sites distributed in three municipalities of Maranhão State. A total of 54 caddisflies species, 26 genera and 10 families were recorded, including one new species of Leptoceridae, Triplectides maranhensis sp. nov., which is described and illustrated. All species listed here are recorded for the first time for the state, 23 of which are new records for the Northeast Region, as well as five new species for Brazil. These results increase the number of species reported from the Northeast Region from 167 to 221.

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Macrostemum is the second largest genus of Macronematinae with about 104 described species distributed in the Neotropical (18), Afrotropical (20), Australasian (7), Palearctic (2), Nearctic (3) and Oriental (54) regions. Despite its great diversity, knowledge about its immature stages is scarce: worldwide, only 7 species (6.7%) have larvae and/or pupae described. From the Neotropics, only one species, Macrostemum ulmeri (Banks, 1913), has described larvae and pupae. The objectives of this study are to describe and illustrate a new species, Macrostemum araca sp. nov., based on adult males and females from Serra do Aracá, Amazonas, Brazil, and the larvae and pupae of M. brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) from an Atlantic Forest fragment in São Paulo state using the metamorphotype method. In addition, this species is recorded for the first time for Minas Gerais state.

Some regions, such as the Northeast Region of Brazil, are still severely understudied and the trichopteran fauna of this region is not entirely known, mainly in areas from Cerrado and Caatinga biomes. Currently, 25 species have been reported from Piauí State, but most of these records are concentrated from one locality. This study aimed to update the knowledge of Trichoptera diversity in this state, including the description of a new species and new geographic records for the Northeast region and Brazil. The samples were collected in seven municipalities, using various traps. Specimens were also received from the municipality of Bom Jesus. Thirty-two species were added for Trichoptera fauna of Piauí, 14 of these represent new records for Northeast Brazil; furthermore, Neotrichia palma Flint 1982 is a new record for Brazil. Additionally, a new species, Cernotina longa sp. nov., is describe and illustrate, being the third nominal record of the genus for the Caatinga biome. Thus, with the contribution of this study, 57 species, 20 genera and seven families of caddisflies are known for Piauí State.

Three new species in the Smicridea (Smicridea) nigripennis species group are described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Serra da Mocidade National Park and Serra do Tepequém in the northern mountain range of Brazilian Amazonia, Roraima State, and in Rio Formosinho located in Cerrado biome of midwestern Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State. Smicridea (Smicridea) mocidade Desidério & Rázuri‐Gonzales, sp. nov., Smicridea (Smicridea) santosi Desidério & Rázuri‐Gonzales, sp. nov. and Smicridea (Smicridea) tepequensis Desidério & Rázuri‐Gonzales, sp. nov. can be recognised mainly by the morphology of the phallic apparatus. New distributional records are provided for Smicridea (Smicridea) caatinga Alves et al., 2018, Smicridea (Smicridea) franciscana Rocha et al., 2016, Smicridea (Smicridea) mirnae Almeida & Flint, 2002 and Smicridea (Smicridea) palifera Flint, 1981. Smicridea (Smicridea) cornuta Flint, 1974 is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Additionally, a key to identify males of the 10 species in the Smicridea (Smicridea) nigripennis species group known from Brazil is provided.

The Smicridea (Smicridea) fasciatella species group occurs from the southwestern USA, throughout Central America, the Greater Antilles islands, and most of South America, except for the Chilean subregion. It is characterized by the phallic apparatus being a simple tube with eversible internal sclerites at the apex. The fasciatella group is composed of 61 species, of which only 11 occur in Brazil, mainly in the Atlantic Forest biome in the southeastern region. In order to reduce the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls for the Smicridea Brazilian fauna, we diagnose, describe, and illustrate males of six new species in the fasciatella group: Smicridea (Smicridea) blahniki Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) brevitruncata Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) caaguara Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) ipiranga Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) jeaneae Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., and S. (Smicridea) polyacantha Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov. Additionally, we provide distributional data for S. (Smicridea) albosignata Ulmer, 1907, S. (Smicridea) bivittata (Hagen, 1861), S. (Smicridea) erecta Flint, 1974, S. (Smicridea) obliqua Flint, 1974, S. (Smicridea) paranensis Flint, 1983, and S. (Smicridea) sattleri Denning & Sykora, 1968. The number of S. (Smicridea) species in Brazil increases from 21 to 27 and Smicridea is recorded from the states of Acre, Amapá, and Sergipe for the first time.

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The worldwide caddisfly family Calamoceratidae comprises about 175 extant species in eight genera (Holzenthal et al. 2007). Among these, two are exclusively recorded from the Neotropics: Banyallarga Navás with 18 described species (Prather 2004) and Phylloicus Müller with 57 described species (Prather 2003, Dumas & Nessimian 2010, Santos & Nessimian 2010, Quinteiro et al. 2011), both genera recently reviewed by Prather (2003, 2004).