Ru(II) complexes with polypyridyl ligands play a central role in the development of photocatalytic organic reactions. This work is aimed at the structural modification of such complexes to increase their...
Synthetic approaches to 1,10-phenanthroline-3carboxylic acid (2), 1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-dicarboxylic acid (3) and their functionalized derivatives were investigated. Acids 2 and 3 were prepared in good yields from bromophenanthrolines via palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation. Moreover, butyl 8-bromo-1,10-phenanthroline-3-carboxylate was obtained in acceptable yield (25-35%) by ceasing the carbonylation of the dibromide 5 after 30-70% consumption of the starting compound. To prepare functionalized derivatives of acids 2 and 3, the reactions of butyl 8-bromo-1,10phenanthroline-3-carboxylate and diethyl 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-dicarboxylate with various nucleophiles were investigated. S N Ar reactions are suitable for the synthesis of 4,7-diazido-, dimethoxy-and diamino-substituted 3,8-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)phenanthrolines, including the macrocyclic derivatives. The bromine atom at position 8 of the phenanthroline ring reacts with nucleophiles only in the presence of the palladium catalysts. The scope of these reactions was briefly investigated conducting Sonogashira, Suzuki-Miyaura and Hirao reactions. Hydrolysis of the functionalized esters of phenanthroline leads to corresponding acids in good yields.[a] Dr.
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