Though the novel corona virus (COVID-19) mostly affects the respiratory system, it can also result in several neurological complications. One of these is Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and which is rare and only reported from some parts of the world during this pandemic. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. Patients can present with limb or cranial-nerves weakness, loss of deep tendon reflexes, sensory and dysautonomic symptoms. The main pathophysiology for the clinical presentation is demyelination and/or axonal damage to peripheral nerves or roots. Neurological manifestations are more commonly associated with severe COVID-19 infection. Here, we present a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 in Ethiopia.
Background: Antenatal care during pregnancy is one of the most important strategies for improving maternal and newborn health and preventing maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity. The prevalence and predictors of antenatal care dropout in Ethiopia were studied, and the results were inconsistent and showed considerable variation, and this makes more difficult to provide clear evidence at the national level. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed at estimating the overall prevalence of antenatal care dropout and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: A thorough search of pertinent studies released before December 30, 2022, was explored by using distinct databases such as (PubMed, DOJA, Embase, Cochrane library, African journals online, Google scholar, and web of science and the institutional repository of Ethiopian universities were used to search for relevant studies. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel, and analysis was performed using STATA version 16. A random-effects model were used to estimate the overall national prevalence of antenatal care drop-out and the odds ratio. test statistics for to assessing heterogeneity and Egger's test for assessing publication bias were used. Results: A total of seven studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis with of 11839 study participants. The overall pooled prevalence of antenatal dropout in Ethiopia was found to be 41.37% (95% CI =35.04, 47.70). Distance from the health care facility (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.79, 3.31), pregnancy complication signs (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI= 2.41, 3.66), place of residence (AOR= 1.59, 95% CI = 1.31, 1.87), educational level (AOR=1.79, 95%CI = 1.37, 2.21), age group(30-49) (AOR=(AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.88) were significantly associated with antenatal care dropout. Conclusion: Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis, 41% of Ethiopian women dropped out of antenatal care visits before the minimum recommended visit (four times Hence, to reduce the number of ANC dropouts it is important to counsel and educate women at their first prenatal care. Issues of urban-rural disparity and locations identified as hotspots for incomplete ANC visits require that further attention.
Background: Due to the scarcity of intervention trials, especially in Ethiopia, the effect of nutrition education and counseling intervention on pregnancy outcomes is not well studied. Aim: To assess the effect of nutrition education and counseling on the outcomes of pregnancy among pregnant mothers in public health care institutions of Gedeo Zone, Southern, Ethiopia. Methods: A cluster randomized control trial study design was undertaken. Simple random sampling followed by cluster sampling was used to reach eligible study participants. A total sample of 235 (115 intervention vs.120 control group) pregnant women who followed anti-natal care service in public health facilities of Gedeo Zone was included in the study. Independent t-test was used to analyze the group difference for continuous variable and chi-square test for categorical variables. The post-intervention values between the two groups were compared using analysis of covariance by adjusting to baseline variable. Results: After nutrition education, pregnant women in the control group had less weight gain than in the intervention. The proportion of LBW neonate was 17.8% in the intervention group and 38.2% in the control group ( P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of LBW in the control group was 2.43 more likely than in the intervention group (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI: (1.2, 4.92)). Conclusion: Nutrition education delivered to pregnant women during pregnancy could reduce maternal malnutrition and low birth weight. Recommendation: The intervention is easy to implement in the health facilities of Gedeo zone and would be implemented without delay to achieve the sustainable development goals.
Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) was one of the top causes of ill health and the leading cause of deaths worldwide until the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Hence, this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of sputum smear-positive TB and associated factors among TB-suspected patients attending in Gedeo Zone health facilities, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 TB-suspected patients in Gedeo Zone health facilities from July 01 to Sep 30, 2021. Patients were grouped as smear positive if one sputum out of two was positive or two sputum smears became positive. Various descriptive statistics were computed using the SPSS-25, and factors to smear positivity were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio at 95% CI and p values < 0.05 were considered as indicators of statistical association. Results. The overall prevalence of smear-positive TB in Gedeo Zone health facilities was 18.2%, which is significantly high, and the MTB detection rate of GeneXpert was 29.5%. Contact with a TB patient, cigarette smoking, and previously treatment for TB were factors significantly associated with smear-positive TB. Conclusion. The prevalence rate of smear-positive PTB in the study area was 18.2% and 29.5% by direct sputum AFB and sputum GeneXpert, respectively. As a result, we recommend intervention on the identified associated risk factors and further studies to ascertain risk factors and their magnitude at the community level.
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