Ectoparasites in bats can cause a decrease in health and can be a disease vector. Ectoparasites found in bats are generally members of the Insect Class and Arachnida Class. This study was aim to determine the diversity of ectoparasites in bats of the Microchiroptera suborder in Jepang Cave, Plawangan Hill, Sleman, Yogyakarta and knowing various factors that influence the existence of these ectoparasites in bats. Catching bats is done by mist net, bats are anesthetized and morphometric measurements are carried out. Descriptive methods are used to identify bats and their ectoparasites and analyze the abundance of ectoparasites using prevalence and intensity. Identification of ectoparasites were carried out in the Animal Systematic Laboratory of the Parasitology Section of the Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, by using the book of ectoparasites identification. Bat species were ound include Miniopterus schreibersii and Rhinolopus pusillus. The results showed that ectoparasite species were found in the bats of the Microchiroptera Suborder from the Subclass Acarina and the Insect Class. The species of Subclass Acarina found were Periglischrus sp., Spinturnix plecotinus, Blattisocius sp., And Glycyphagus sp. Species of the Insect Class found include Megastrebla sp., Stylidia caudata, Basilia sp., and Brachytarsina sp. The prevalence of R. pussilus in Jepang Cave, was 66.67% and it is frequent. The ectoparasite intensity category of Periglischrus sp. was 0.72, meanwhile Glycyphagus sp. and Stylidia caudata were 0.06, which is very low.
The life cycle of Digenea subclass trematodes that mostly involves snails as intermediate host in the larval stage in the form of sporocysts, redia and cercariae. This study aims to determine the species of freshwater snails, populations and stages of trematoda larvae that infect freshwater snails in the paddy fields and also the factors that influence the population of trematoda larvae. This research method uses purposive random sampling. Snails were collected from paddy fields in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City and Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Snails and Trematodes larvae were identified based on morphological characters with a microscope. The results showed that the species of freshwater snail as an inang antara of Trematode was Lymnaea sp. (96.9%), Pomacea canaliculata (2.6%), and Brotia sp. (0.5%). The total population of trematoda larvae in freshwater snails was 4329 individuals with the largest population in Sleman Regency (2784 individuals). Trematode larval stages found were sporocysts (4.8%), redia (8.3%), Leptocercous type cercariae (35.2%), and Furcocercous type cercariae (51.7%). The most trematode larvae found in fresh water snail was Furcocercous type cercariae. Factor affecting trematode larvae population are the species and abundance of freshwater snail.
On 2018, the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) occurred in Sukoharjo District, which reached 42 villages with the highest in Sukoharjo District, one of which was in Kelurahan Kenep. More understanding is needed about the education of the dangers of mosquitoes, the characteristics of breeding and the formation of movements, namely through active, creative, innovative and solutive community empowerment. The establishment of the program carried out was the empowerment of mosquito-free healthy communities through the Ecohealth Village concept based on Education for Sustainable Development, which is tied to social, environmental and economic. This program is also carried out with the prevention of various perspectives, such as the use of used materials as mosquito traps, the spread of anti-mosquito plants, and movement of posters to encourage people to live mosquito-free healthy lives and the establishment of one Jumantik Monitoring Household. The results of this program influence the understanding of creative, innovative education and solutions to mosquitoes. During and post-implementation, there have been no cases of dengue. The program provides a significant influence in realising a mosquito-free healthy village.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is caused by Dengue Virus and transmitted by female Aedes mosquito which spread almost all over the world. Aedes sp. mosquito lives cosmopolitan and breeds in wet environments. Panggungharjo and Bangunharjo villages were categorized as endemic and non-endemic DHF areas, respectively. The aims of this research were to study the characteristics of Aedes sp. mosquito breeding sites, the identity of presence species found in the sites, and the resistance status of Aedes sp. mosquitoes against organophosphate insecticide. The method was using a larval survey which consists of 200 houses as respondents located in Panggungharjo and Bangunharjo villages. The larval resistance was tested by a biochemical method since resistance could be associated with esterase enzyme activity. The characteristics of mosquito breeding sites that found were open containers, filled with clear and calm water, dark and rough wall surfaces, the bottom surface was not directly in contact with the ground, the water temperature was 27-29 °C, pH 6.5-7, and not directly exposed to sunlight. There was only one species of mosquito was found, Aedes aegypti. The resistance test of Aedes sp. larvae showed that Aedes sp. larvae population from Panggungharjo village were susceptible, and Aedes sp. larvae from Bangunharjo village were in moderate resistant against organophosphate insecticide.
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