The localization of the proteins well matches with their role and with the supposed tumor molecular pathways. The correlation with prognosis of VHL/HIF-1alpha alterations confirms the relevance of their molecular pathway and of the cellular trafficking of their products in the pathogenesis of renal cancer.
Based on our results we cannot support histological necrosis and its extent as prognostic factors for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Efforts should be made to develop nomograms that use routinely available and objective predictor variables. The precise mechanism that causes tumor necrosis remains unknown but the host immune response might significantly contribute to its development.
The persistent müllerian duct syndrome is characterized by the retention of müllerian derivatives (fallopian tubes, uterus) in patients otherwise normally virilized, usually with cryptorchidism or an inguinal hernia. Very rarely, this syndrome is associated with transverse testicular ectopia , which designates the condition when both testes descend through the same inguinal canal into the same scrotal sac. We report on a patient with both conditions, who had T1N2M0 scrotal mixed germ cell tumor of the testis (teratoma and embryonal carcinoma), 18 years after bilateral orchidopexy. The literature concerning this uncommon association is reviewed.
Our medium-term data support the assumption that the lack of any antireflux mechanism in orthotopic neobladder, per se, has no detrimental effect on renal function.
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