Currently, lithium batteries are characterized by higher energy density but they require an accurate charge and discharge profile to increase its lifetime, and it is not easily to be obtained feeding urban railway systems. On the other hand, supercapacitors are powerful components, which can deliver very high power pulse for both traction and braking phases. The hybridization of these energy storage systems allows obtaining the advantages of the two different technologies improving overall performance but it needs an accurate sizing and energy management. This paper describes a methodology for designing hybrid energy storage systems (ESS) for urban railway applications integrating lithium batteries and supercapacitors. The sizing procedure takes into the account both the energy management strategy and power limitations of the two storage technologies. The effectiveness of the hybrid ESS is shown on a real case study presenting catenary-less zones. The encouraging results are presented and discussed
In this paper, we investigate the design of stationary ESSs based on supercapacitors (SCs) for metro network (MN). We implement a simulation tool in order to estimate the power flow among the metro vehicles and the ESSs through the MN. A new formulation of the ESSs siting and sizing optimisation problem is proposed and solved using particle swarm algorithm. The optimisation process minimises the energy supplied by the electrical substations and the whole ESSs capacity taking into the electrical line constraints in the metro network simulator. Several simulations are performed in order to design the number, the position along the track and the required capacity of the SCs. Using commercially available modules, a realistic design solution is compared with the theoretical one obtained by solving the optimisation algorithm. Finally, we estimate the energy delivered from the electric substations and the energy saved using the real ESSs configuration
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