Ovarian cancer is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and a fraction of these patients fail to respond to primary therapy and relapses in 70% of cases. On account of the high recurrence probability and the poor outcomes after recurrence, there is an urgent need to predict progression as early as possible and thus found the strategies to detect and prevent a recurrence. Considering that biomarkers have contributed to the management of ovarian cancer by distinguishing benign and malignant pelvic masses and monitoring response to treatment, in this review, we aim to discuss the latest evidence reported in the literature about the use of biomarkers to detect OC recurrence. In detail, we summarized all the evidence of the most quoted biomarkers like HE4, osteopontin, mesothelin (MSLN), Folate receptor α (FOLR1), paraneoplastic antigens, miRNA, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and a combination of them to evaluate their role as prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer recurrence.
Objectives
To explore perinatal outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐vaccinated pregnant women compared with unvaccinated counterparts.
Methods
Search was conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, MEDLINE, Embase, OVID, and Cochrane Library as electronic databases. We included observational studies evaluating pregnant women undergoing SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and compared pregnancy and perinatal outcomes with those in unvaccinated women. Categorical variables were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), whereas for continuous variables, the results were expressed as mean difference with their 95% CI. All analyses were performed by adopting the random effect model of DerSimonian and Laird.
Results
There was no difference in the probability of having a small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.85–1.09;
P
= 0.570), but we observed a reduced probability of a non‐reassuring fetal monitoring, a reduced gestational age at delivery, and a reduced probability of premature delivery in vaccinated pregnant women versus unvaccinated ones.
Conclusion
The probability of small for gestational age is similar between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women, and the former also had a slightly reduced rate of premature delivery.
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