No abstract
In Venezuela, Roystonea oleracea commonly forms communities in flooded and swampy areas on fertile soils mainly in the northern portion of the Orinoco river basin. The density of R. oleracea varies across its range from dominating the canopy to being rare. Communities dominated by R. oleracea are distributed across the country from the east (Sucre and Monagas States) to the south-west (Barinas State). In the western-central region the Roystonea community is mainly present along the Tocuyo, Yaracuy and Aroa river basins. In all most cases, R. oleracea is found with other palms such as Bactris major var. major, trees including Tabebuia rosea, Ficus spp., Spondias mombin, Triplaris americana, Hura crepitans or herbs (e.g. Heliconia spp.). In the western part of its range, it is found with another set of species, including Anacardium excelsum, Hirtella spp. and the large palm Attalea butyracea; in the eastern parts of its range it is found with the climbing palm Desmoncus horridus subsp. horridus and the tree Virola surinamensis and the mangroves Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia germinans in estuarine environments of the Orinoco Delta. Human intervention in these communities has been intense due to agriculture involving clearing for sugar cane and orange plantations, hunting and extraction of young parrots (Psittacidae) from nests for the pet trade. These activities have endangered the survival and conservation of R. oleracea forests, which have been greatly reduced across the country.
RESUMENComo una contribución al conocimiento florístico de la cuenca del Río Caroní se realizaron colecciones botánicas en varios ambientes de la cuenca baja del Río Cucurital, que incluyen formaciones boscosas, tanto en penillanura como ribereñas, morichales, sabanas, arbustales y ambientes perturbados; en los bosques se hicieron colecciones en parcelas de 0,1 ha y fuera de ellas. De manera general, las familias con mayor cantidad de especies fueron Melastomataceae (46), Rubiaceae (33), Euphorbiaceae (23), Cyperaceae (19), Myrtaceae (18), Fabaceae (18), Clusiaceae (15), Arecaceae (15), Caesalpiniaceae (14), Chrysobalanaceae (14), Lauraceae (14), Poaceae (13) y Burseraceae (12), siendo las más representativas de la cuenca baja. Los géneros con mayor cantidad de especies fueron Miconia (17), Psychotria (13), Ocotea (10), Myrcia (8), Protium (7), Licania (7) y Rhynchospora (7). Melastomataceae y Rubiaceae predominaron en todos los ambientes con excepción de la sabana; Lauraceae, Burseraceae, Arecaceae, Chrysobalanaceae y Euphorbiaceae fueron las de mayor importancia en los bosques, y Myrtaceae y Cyperaceae en los bosques ribereños, esta última junto con las Poaceae predominaron en morichal y sabana. Se encontraron 19 especies restringidas a la Guayana venezolana, de las cuales 12 se conocen sólo del estado Bolívar, evidenciando que las condiciones ecológicas, topográficas y edáficas determinan la presencia de elementos florísticos particulares. Las actividades humanas son escasas, lo que se ha reflejado en poca alteración de las comunidades vegetales y en el mantenimiento del carácter prístino de los ambientes. Los escasos ambientes intervenidos han sido colonizados por especies herbáceas y arbustivas típicas de la región.PALABRAS CLAVE: Arbustal, Canaima, Florística, Guayana, Morichal, Río Caroní, Sabana, Venezuela. Floristic charaterization of enviroments of the lower Cucurital river basin, affluent of Caroní river, Bolívar State, Venezuelan Guayana ABSTRACTAs a contribution to the floristic knowledge of the Caroní river basin, botanical collections were made in several environments of the lower Cucurital river basin, including forests, riverine forests, palm swamp forests (morichal), savanna, scrublands and altered areas. In middle and tall forests additional collections were made in plots of 0.1 ha. In general, the families with the highest number of species were Melastomataceae (46), Rubiaceae (33), Euphorbiaceae (23), Cyperaceae (19), Myrtaceae (18), Fabaceae (18), Clusiaceae (15), Arecaceae (15), Caesalpiniaceae (14), Chrysobalanaceae (14), Lauraceae (14), Poaceae (13) and Burseraceae (12), being the most representative of the low river basin. The genera with highest number of species are Miconia (17), Psychotria (13), Ocotea (10), Myrcia (8), Protium (7), Licania (7) and Rhynchospora (7). Melastomataceae and Rubiaceae families predominated in all environments with exception of the savanna. In the forest, Lauraceae, Burseraceae, Arecaceae, Chrysobalanaceae and Euphorbiaceae were the most abundant, as such a...
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