The present study describes the direct regeneration of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) in leaf explants of the tropical species Oncidium flexuosum. The explants were inoculated in a solid, modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of the growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ) and with or without 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and kept away from light or in a 16-h photoperiod. The presence of auxins, 2,4-D, and NAA inhibited the formation of PLBs. The highest frequency of explants that regenerated PLBs (80%) was obtained when they were maintained in a culture medium containing 1.5 lM TDZ under dark conditions. In the same culture medium but under a 16-h photoperiod, 95% of the leaf explants presented necrosis. Therefore, darkness was crucial for the regeneration of PLBs in O. flexuosum leaf explants, which is in disagreement with the literature. PLBs developed from the division of epidermal and subepidermal cells mainly on the adaxial side of the apex region of the explant. Plants with well-developed leaves and roots grew after the PLBs were transferred to growth regulatorfree medium under a 16-h photoperiod.
,3 milhões. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um levantamento feito nos mercados de flores do estado de São Paulo, somados a dados e informações obtidas junto aos principais produtores de bulbosas ornamentais. As principais espé-cies cultivadas e comercializadas no País como flores de corte e vaso são: alstroeméria (Alstroemeria sp.); amarílis (Hyppeastrum sp.); copo-de-leite (Zantedeschia sp.); gladíolo (Gladiolus X grandiflorus); hemerocale (Hemerocallis sp.) e lírio (Lilium sp.). Observou-se que a produção e, consequentemente, o mercado é crescente, porém o País enfrenta um grande entrave interno com relação à legislação que regulamenta a proteção de cultivares e o uso de defensivos químicos. Palavras-chave: mercado, produção, alstroeméria (Alstroemeria sp.), amarílis (Hyppeastrum sp.), copo-de-leite (Zantedeschia sp.), gladíolo (Gladiolus X grandiflorus), hemerocale (Hemerocallis sp.)
ABSTRACT Ornamental bulbs in BrazilThe ornamental bulbs market in Brazil, in 2010, moved a total value of exports of U.S. $ 13-14 million and imported U.S. $ 7.3 million. This paper presents the results of a survey from the flower markets of São Paulo, in addition to data and information obtained from the major producers of ornamental bulbs. The main species cultivated in Brazil and marketed as cut flowers and pot are: Alstroemeria sp., Hyppeastrum sp., Zantedeschia sp., Gladiolus X grandiflorus, Hemerocallis sp. and Lilium sp. It was noted that production and, consequently, the market is growing, but the country faces a major obstacle with respect to the internal laws governing the protection of plant cultivars and the use of chemical pesticides.
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