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The original article was published with an error in affiliation 1. The affiliation has been updated to show the correct department. The original article has been corrected.Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Abstract. Habib KD, Giti B, Mazooji Ali M. 2016. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Salvia hypoleuca at different growth stages. Nusantara Bioscience 8: [145][146][147][148][149]. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Salvia hypoleuca aerial parts, wild type from Iran at various growth stages. Samples of the plant were taken during its vegetative, flowering and fruit stages. The different plant part samples were crushed and subjected separately to hydrodistillation. The obtained essential oil components were then analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC-MS. The DPPH method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity of the essential oils. Fifty nine components were identified in essential oils. The major components of essential oils from the aerial parts were caryophyllene oxide (21.3-37.8%), the E-caryophyllene (13-18.1%), the bicyclogermacrene (6.7-13.1%), and germacrene D (3.8-10.3%). Antioxidant evaluations of the oils showed a moderate antioxidant activity with IC 50 values of 32.6, 25.0, and 41.2 mg/mL of samples taken at the vegetative, flowering and fruit stages, respectively.

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Introduction: Concerns have been raised about the toxic effects of medicinal plants due to their increased consumption. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatotoxic effects of aqueous extract of valerian in laboratory mice. Methods: After preparation of plant materials and aqueous extract of valerian, concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight were administered to laboratory mice for 14 days. On the day 14th, blood samples were taken from the hearts of mice after anesthesia and the serum levels of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were studied. Furthermore, the animals' weight was recorded at 0, 7 and 14 days and weight changes were also studied. Results: The results of the present study showed the concentration-dependent effects of aqueous extract of valerian on increasing serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP and GGT and the highest serum levels of these enzymes were observed at a concentration of 20 mg/kg. Moreover, the concentration of 20 mg/kg aqueous extract of valerian caused severe weight loss in mice over a period of 14 days. Conclusion: In general, it was concluded that a concentration of 20 mg/kg causes liver damage. However, low concentrations of 10 mg/kg valerian extract showed no toxic effects on the liver. Therefore, in the formulations prepared from valerian, attention to the concentration of the extract is very important and the use of lower concentrations to prevent hepatotoxicity is very important.