ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACTArticle history:In this study, the performance of a low-floor midsize bus under development is predicted through simulations. To predict the vehicle's acceleration, maximum speed, and uphill driving performance, a forward simulator which calculates the vehicle power is developed. Also we verify the forward simulator by comparing simulations and test result for benchmarking vehicle. To predict the fuel consumption, we use a backward simulator for a specified road cycle. However, to predict the fuel consumption using the backward simulation the engine fuel-consumption map is needed. The engine fuel-consumption map extracting data from a similar sized diesel engine is used by re-scaling the maximum torque.As a result, we simulate the vehicle's forward performance with a new engine. Further, we simulated the backward performance to optimize the fuel efficiency and gearshift timing.
Background
Sterile silicone ring tourniquets reduce intraoperative bleeding and provide a wide surgical view. Moreover, sterile silicone ring tourniquets reduce the risk of contamination and are more economical than conventional pneumatic tourniquets. The present study describes the perioperative outcomes of sterile silicone ring tourniquet placement in pediatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
Methods
This study prospectively recruited 27 pediatric patients aged < 18 years who underwent 30 orthopedic surgeries between March and September 2021. Following complete surgical draping, all operations were initiated by placing sterile silicone ring tourniquets. We investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients, details about the tourniquet used, and intra- and postoperative outcomes of tourniquet placement.
Results
Thanks to the narrowness of tourniquet bands (< 2 cm) and tourniquet placement at the proximal ends of the extremities, wide surgical fields were achieved, without limiting joint range of motion. Bleeding control was effective. Tourniquets were applied and removed rapidly and safely, regardless of limb circumference. None of the patients experienced postoperative pain, paresthesia, skin problems at the application site, surgical site infections, ischemic problems, or deep vein thrombosis.
Conclusions
Sterile silicone ring tourniquets effectively reduced intraoperative blood loss and facilitated wide operative fields in pediatric patients with various limb sizes. These tourniquets allow for quick, safe, and effective orthopedic surgery on pediatric patients.
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