Sericulture, since its discovery in China, has spread to become a Background valued activity in a range of other countries. China remains the leading producer of silk, followed by India and other Asian countries, Europe, Brazil and Colombia. This article examines the evolution of sericultural research between 1892 and 2016, identifying the main themes and applications.: The SciMat software tool and the Bibliometrix R package were used Methods as tools for data analysis in this study, based on records from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science and SCOPUS databases.: The results show that research has been growing, both in number of Results publications from the 1990s onwards, and in the emergence of topics closely related to the sericulture research field, a field that proves to be multi-disciplinary, exhibiting expansion and vitality.The information gathered will contribute greatly to the definition Conclusions: of relevant research strands, bearing in mind a number of significant gaps in information in this field. It will furthermore provide a better insight into the development of sericulture research over time.
In the genome of Bombyx mori Linnaeus (1758), the microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSR), feature among their particular characteristics a high adenine and thymine (A/T) content, low number of repeats, low frequency, and a grouping in "families" with similar flanking regions. Such characteristics may be the result of a complex interaction between factors that limit the size and dispersion of SSR loci—such as their high association with transposons—and mean that microsatellites within this taxon suitable as molecular markers are relatively rare. The determination of genetic profiles in populations and cell lines has not been affected owing to the high level of polymorphism, nor has the analysis of diversity, structure and genetic relationships. However, the scarcity of suitable microsatellites has restricted their application in genetic mapping, limiting them to preliminary identification of gene location of genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to thermotolerance, resistance to viruses, pigmentation patterns, body development and the weight of the cocoon, the cortex, the pupa and the filament. The review confirms that, as markers, microsatellites are versatile and perform well. They could thus be useful both to advance research in emerging countries with few resources seeking to promote sericulture in their territories, and to advance in the genetic and molecular knowledge of characteristics of productive and biological interest, given the latest technological developments in terms of the sequencing, identification, isolation and genotyping of SSR loci.
Silk is known as the queen of textiles due to its softness, durability, and luster. This textile is obtained from cocoons spun by larvae known as the silkworm. The combined effect of both temperature and humidity, determines the satisfactory growth of the silkworms and the production of good quality cocoons. For that rea- son, we propose a new prototype for silkworm incubators that monitors environmental conditions, created with Raspberry Pi due to its capabilities, features, and low cost. The prototype monitors the temperature, humidity, and luminosity in a silkworm incubator. The monitoring data are collected and saved on file hosting service, Google Drive, for subsequent analysis. Preliminary tests were gathered using the silkworm incubator of University of Cauca, Colombia.
In the textile industry, complex cocoon traits are closely related to silk production. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of economic importance traits-cocoon length (CL), cocoon weight (CW) and shell weight (SW)-in three B. mori lines-Chinese (C6), Japanese (J7) and Indian (C. Nichi)-reared under different temperature and photoperiod conditions.For each of these lines, data were collected from several generations with a fullsibling family structure and variance-covariance component were obtained via restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates based on a bi-trait animal model analysed through the multiple-trait derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (MTDFREML) software. Genetic parameters of the traits varied between the silkworm lines were evaluated. Heritabilities were highest in J7 line (0.71, 0.89 and 0.93 for CL, CW and SW, respectively) followed by C6 (0.48, 0.54 and 0.50 for CL, CW and SW, respectively) and C. Nichi (0.36, 0.43 and 0.40 for CL, CW and SW, respectively). Phenotypic correlations among these lines were positive, with values ranging between 0.36 and 0.767. Similarly, genetic correlations between the analysed silkworm lines were observed to be positive, with high values ranging from 0.86 to 0.94. The evidence for environmental correlation in these lines was found only between CW-SW traits with moderate to high values ranging from 0.600 to 0.940. The magnitude of heritability and genetic correlations implies that phenotypic variations of the CL, CW and SW traits depend mainly on genotypic variation within the J7, C6 and C. Nichi lines, and that simultaneous genetic gains are possible by implementing selection processes for any of the evaluated traits.
El conocimiento de la biología de las diferentes especies de mariposas es de gran importancia para proponer planes de desarrollo sostenible, ecoturismo, educación ambiental y conservación de ecosistemas. En este estudio de factibilidad de cría se suministra información sobre la supervivencia bajo dos sistemas de cría, in situ y ex situ, de Pteronymia zerlina y P. medellina. Se realizó colección manual de los estados inmaduros de las mariposas. Para la cría in situ, se identificaron en el bosque plantas huésped con huevos y se realizó el seguimiento del ciclo de vida allí. Para la cría ex situ se coleccionaron huevos y se transportaron a un laboratorio de cría. La factibilidad de cría se determinó por medio de tasas de mortalidad y tasas de supervivencia. La cría ex situ de P. zerlina presentó el 64,7% de supervivencia, e in situ 22,9%. La cría ex situ de P. medellina presentó 63% y 42% bajo condiciones in situ. La cría ex situ mostró mayores probabilidades de cría.
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