Shade from athletic stadium structures can be a significant deterrent to turfgrass performance. The objective of this study was to determine the daily light requirements of an overseeded or non‐overseeded bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) turf maintained to simulate an athletic field. An experiment was established in 2013 on a mature bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Riviera] turf that was either overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or non‐overseeded. Plots were re‐seeded with ryegrass each fall, but ryegrass was allowed to transition without chemical removal. Shade structures were installed to create four light level treatments including a full‐sun control (0% shade) and 30%, 60%, or 90% light‐reducing shade cloth. Quantum light sensors were mounted under each shade treatment and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was continuously measured and a daily light integral (DLI) calculated (mol PPFD m–2 d–1). The 2‐yr, average DLI values for shade treatments were 40.8 (0% shade), 26.2 (30% shade), 14.8 (60% shade) and 3.3 (90% shade) mol PPFD m–2 d–1. A range of growth and performance data were collected, including turfgrass coverage, clipping yields and leaf elongation rates. Overseeded and non‐overseeded bermudagrass failed to persist when 90% shade (DLI = 3.0 mol m–2 d–1) was imposed. Non‐overseeded bermudagrass required a higher DLI (26 mol m–2 d–1) to persist compared to overseeded bermudagrass (DLI = 21.8 mol m–2 d–1), primarily due to the enhanced shade tolerance of perennial ryegrass. However, the long‐term effects of shade began to decrease the quality of the overseeded turf by the end of the second year of the study. These data provide sports field managers with threshold light requirements for both overseeded and non‐overseeded bermudagrass turf.
Shade from athletic stadium structures can be a significant detriment to turfgrass performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of shade on rooting and playing surface stability, measured as traction, on overseeded or non‐overseeded bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) turf. An experiment was established in 2013 on a mature bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Riviera] turf that was either overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or non‐overseeded. Shade structures were installed to create four light level treatments, including 0%, 30%, 60%, or 90% light‐reducing shade cloth. The light treatments resulted in average daily light integrals (DLI) of 40.8, 26.2, 14.8, and 3.3 mol m–2 d–1, respectively. Data were collected on rooting characteristics, species composition, and two forms of traction measurements. Moderate levels of shading (30%) caused a significant decline in rooting characteristics in non‐overseeded turf, while rooting of overseeded turf was not significantly affected until a 60% light reduction. Rotational resistance and peak horizontal force, measurements of athlete traction, were affected by increasing shade in both overseeded and non‐overseeded turf, but the association between traction and a minimum DLI was not conclusive. The persistence of bermudagrass in overseeded turf was significantly reduced at all shade levels studied. This study clearly demonstrates that rooting, bermudagrass persistence and traction of overseeded and non‐overseeded bermudagrass athletic fields are negatively affected by even modest levels of shade.
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